- A comma is placed between the parts of a non-union complex sentence if these parts are closely related in meaning, for example: Pale cheeks have sunken, eyes have become large, large, lips burned (Lermontov); The day was gray, the sky hung low, a damp breeze stirred the tops of the grasses and swayed the leaves of the trees (Turgenev); The train left quickly, its lights soon disappeared, after a minute there was no more noise (Chekhov); Nikolai's pockmarked face was covered in red spots, his small gray eyes were staring at the officer (Bitter).
Note. If there is an introductory word between the parts of a non-union complex sentence, separated by a comma, then a dash can be used as an additional sign to show which part of the complex sentence the introductory word belongs to, or to emphasize the connecting character of the second part. For instance: Somewhere a motor is knocking - apparently there is a workshop nearby; Angry dogs barked in the backyard, not daring to run out towards the chaise, - the passing soldiers must have weaned them from this habit (Sayanov).
- If the parts of a non-union complex sentence are more distant from each other in meaning or are significantly widespread and have commas inside, then a semicolon is put between the parts of the sentence. For instance: To the left was a deep gorge; behind him and in front of us, dark blue mountain peaks, pitted with wrinkles, covered with layers of snow, were drawn on a pale sky, still preserving the last reflection of dawn (Lermontov); Light dust rises in a yellow column and rushes along the road; a friendly stomp echoes far away, the horses run, ears perked up (Turgenev); Emerald frogs are jumping underfoot; between the roots, raising the golden head, lies already and guards them (Bitter).
If a non-union complex sentence splits into parts (groups of sentences) that are meaningfully distant from each other, then a semicolon is put between them, and inside these parts the simple sentences that form them are separated by commas. For instance: The pale gray sky was brightening, colder, blue; the stars blinked with a faint light, then disappeared; the earth became damp, the leaves fogged up, here and there live sounds, voices began to be heard (Turgenev); The rooks flew away, the forest was laid bare, the fields were empty; only one strip is not compressed (Nekrasov).
If in a complex sentence a non-unionized connection of parts is combined with an allied one, then often a semicolon is put between the parts connected without unions, and a comma is put between the parts connected by a union. For instance: The wind could not rage here; the road was smooth, the horse cheered up and Vladimir calmed down (Pushkin); Dinner was over; the big ones went to the office to drink coffee, and we ran into the garden to shuffle our feet along the paths covered with fallen yellow leaves and talk (L. Tolstoy).
§ 117. Colon in a non-union compound sentence
The colon in a non-union complex sentence that splits into two parts is put:
1) if the second part (one or more sentences) clarifies, reveals the content of the first part (the words "namely" can be inserted between both parts), for example: Indeed, Akaky Akakievich's overcoat had some strange device: its collar decreased more and more every year, for it served to grind other parts (Gogol); One thing I ask of you: shoot quickly (Lermontov); It is pleasant to lie motionless in the hay after a long walk and deep sleep: the body basks and languishes, the face glows with a light heat, sweet laziness closes its eyes (Turgenev); Make a plan of the apartment: how the rooms are located, where are the doors, where are the windows, where is what stands (Bitter); A dark forest is good on a bright sunny day: there is both coolness and light wonders (Prishvin); Then a thought struck him: the partisans must be around here somewhere. (V. Polevoy); For himself, Danilov formulated the problem as follows: from Dr. (V. Panova);
2) if in the first part by means of verbs see, watch, hear, understand, learn, feel etc., a warning is given that a statement of a fact or some description will follow (in these cases, a union can usually be inserted between both parts what), eg: I crawled along the thick grass along the ravine, I looked: the forest was over, several Cossacks were leaving it into the clearing (Lermontov); You yourself noticed: day by day I fade, a victim of an evil poison (Lermontov); I also remember: she loved to dress well and be sprinkled with perfume (Chekhov); Pavel feels: someone's fingers are touching his hand above the wrist (N. Ostrovsky); He saw: the earth rose from the ashes, the unconquered earth, the indestructible life... But (without the intonation of the warning before the second part): I hear the earth trembled - a comma instead of a colon;
3) if the first part contains verbs look out, look around, listen etc., as well as verbs with the meaning of action, warning of further presentation and allowing the insertion after themselves of the words “and saw that”, “and heard that”, “and felt that”, etc., for example : I raised my eyes: on the roof of my hut stood a girl in a striped dress, with her hair down (Lermontov); We drove past the pond: ice edges were still visible on the muddy and sloping banks (Aksakov); Oblomov woke up: in front of him in reality, not in a hallucination, stood the real real Stolz (Goncharov); I looked around: the night was solemn and regal ... (Turgenev); He thought, sniffed: it smells like honey (Chekhov); Lukashin stopped and looked: water was accumulating in the ditch, the snow was white as sugar (V. Panova). In these cases, there is also the setting of a dash instead of a colon to convey various complementary shades of meaning, for example: I looked at the hole - the water was dozing (Shishkov); He looked out of the room - not a single light in the windows (V. Panova), - however, for the purpose of justified unification, it is preferable to put a colon;
4) if the second part indicates the basis, the reason for what is said in the first part (between both parts you can insert the union because, since, since), eg: He blushed: he was ashamed to kill an unarmed man ... (Lermontov); In vain you look around in all directions: there is no way out of the endless tundra (Goncharov); It's good that Lemme didn't hear us: he would have fainted (Turgenev); And Zhilin was depressed: he sees - it's bad (L. Tolstoy); He even got scared: it was so dark, cramped and unclean (Chekhov); Science must be loved: people have no power more powerful and victorious than science (Bitter); In Mexico, you can't praise a thing in someone else's house: it is wrapped in a piece of paper for you (Mayakovsky); Paul did not like autumn and winter: they brought him a lot of physical torment (N. Ostrovsky); Stepan was afraid to approach the cliff: slippery (Shishkov);
5) if the second part is a direct question, for example: There is only one thing I do not understand: how could she bite you? (Chekhov); You'd better tell me this: is it true that Mayakin's son has returned? (Bitter); Until now, it remains surprising and unsolved: who on this fateful night removed the divisional school from the guard? (Furmanov); I was driving right now, talking to you, and kept thinking: why don't they shoot? (Simonov).
§ 118. Dash in a non-union compound sentence
A dash in a non-union complex sentence that falls into two parts is put:
1) if the second part contains an unexpected connection, an indication of a quick change of events (between both parts you can insert a union and), eg: Ivan Ivanovich approached the gate, rattled the latch - a dog barking rose from within (Gogol); Suddenly the door of the closet swung open quickly - all the servants immediately rolled head over heels down the stairs (Turgenev); Ignat pulled the trigger - the gun misfired (Chekhov); A ray of sun falls on the grass - the grass will flash with emerald and pearls (Bitter);
Note. In the works of classic writers, and occasionally in modern fiction, instead of a dash in this case, a colon is found, for example: There was nothing to do: Marya Ivanovna got into the carriage and drove to the palace ... (Pushkin); We drove from behind: no one saw (Lermontov); Light rain sows in the morning: impossible to get out (Turgenev); Volodin's horse was limping: dad ordered to saddle for him a hunting (L. Tolstoy); Concerns, griefs, failures tormented the poor priest to the extreme: he became distrustful, bitter ... (Dostoevsky);
8) if the second part is a connecting sentence (before it you can insert the word this is, which is sometimes found in the sentence itself), for example: Not a single image on the wall is a bad sign (Lermontov); Inga was excited, Levshin watched her too closely - it caught Klebe's eyes (Fedin).
The second part can begin with pronouns so, so, so, eg: An order is an order - that's how the front brought him up (Vorobyov); The world must be free from the threat of a new war - this is the demand of all progressive humanity.
If there is a word before the adjoining sentence this is sometimes a comma is placed before the dash, for example: The Russian intelligentsia grew and developed under absolutely brutal conditions - this is undeniable (Bitter); If you write disgusting, boring, do not write, it will still turn out badly, fake (A. N. Tolstoy); At such a time, we must speak rudely and directly - this is smarter and more honest in front of our children (Leonov); The wide entrance was completely empty - it seemed strange to me (Kaverin).
Note. To distinguish the cases of setting a colon and a dash in non-union complex sentences, one can proceed from the following general position: if the main part of the statement (corresponding to the main sentence in complex sentences) is enclosed in the first part, and the second (corresponding to the subordinate clause in complex sentences) contains an explanation, disclosure the content of the first part, a statement of a fact, an indication of the reason, then a colon is put between the parts; if, on the contrary, the main part of the statement is enclosed in the second part, and the first has a meaning subordinate in meaning (indicates time, condition, etc.), then a dash is placed between the parts. Wed: Impossible to get out: pouring rain outside (the main statement is contained in the first part, in the second the reason is indicated). - It's pouring rain outside - it's impossible to get out (the reason is indicated in the first part, in the second the consequence, the conclusion, which forms the basis of the statement). Wed also while maintaining the same order of parts of a non-union complex sentence: The youth left: the evening got bored (left because it got bored). The youth left - the evening got bored (left, so it became boring).
Sections: Russian language
The purpose of the lesson: creating conditions for the assimilation of new knowledge about a non-union complex sentence, using elements of research, in a class unfamiliar to the teacher, who is preparing for the GIA
Lesson Objectives:
- educational: to form the ability to establish semantic relations between parts of the BSP; determine the intonation features of these sentences and, on this basis, choose the correct punctuation marks
- developing: to form in children positive motivation and readiness to perceive new material; develop the ability to compare the studied material with new, generalize, systematize
- educational: foster respect for the lesson and the subject in general; education of mutual respect and mutual assistance (moral categories of kindness).
Spiritual and moral categories considered in the lesson: kindness, mutual assistance, mutual respect.
Lesson equipment:
- screen;
- notebook;
- projector;
- CD with presentation on the topic of the lesson;
- individual cards with tasks;
- notebooks;
- individual student card;
- textbook ed. M.M. Razumovskaya “Russian language. Grade 9 "- Moscow:" Bustard ", 2006.
During the classes
No, the big one does not die in life
Everything that responds to your heart
Live restlessly, live with trouble:
A person begins with kindness.
Organizing time.
I. Call phase
- I'm about to go to graduate school and I'm writing a research paper about difficult sentences. Have you studied this topic? I need your help.
Working with the epigraph.
- Read the epigraph, formulate the main idea ( a person begins with kindness). Find synonyms for "kindness" ( good nature, gentleness, kind-heartedness, responsiveness, sincerity, compassion, mercy). What is the meaning of the word "kindness"? ( responsiveness, sincere disposition to people and to everything around, the desire to do good to others).
- I think, guys, you will all respond to my proposal and help me.
Throughout the lesson, the action is carried out: you know yourself - help another (a poster with the name of the action is posted on the board).
- Let's check your knowledge ( preparation for GIA).
I give out cards to strong students, the rest work with the teacher.
Card 1
Thick icicles hanging from the roof were thawed in the sun. The drops, falling from them, loudly hit the ice. |
Card 2 Make up simple sentences MTP, PBS, and BSP. Write them down, make diagrams. True virtue is like a river. The deeper it is, the less noise it makes. |
Card 3 Make up simple sentences MTP, PBS, and BSP. Write them down, make diagrams. You will talk to a kind person. The sunbeam will light up your soul. |
Card 4 Make up simple sentences MTP, PBS, and BSP. Write them down, make diagrams. The moon stands over a transparent mountain. The neighborhood is flooded with false light. |
Referring to presentation slides. (1 slide)
as students write sentences, they appear on the screen
- What do you know about complex sentences? Types of complex sentences?
- Among the proposals, name the "third superfluous" (BSP). Why? haven't studied yet) What caused the difficulty with the cards? (BSP) What do you know about BSP? Name BSP. (suggestions appear on the screen - slide 2) Slide 2
Why study BSP if you know what it is? (punctuation marks are difficult) What punctuation marks can stand between parts of the BSP? (. ; : - )
(the teacher draws these signs on the blackboard)
(we come to the problem: what punctuation mark should be placed between the predicative parts of the BSP and what will the setting of these marks depend on?).
Students' formulation of the topic and objectives of the lesson.
- What connects the proposals you worked with and this epigraph? ( theme)
II. Reflection phase
- Let's do a little research to solve the problem.
- Where do we start our research? ( we carefully read and study, compare all three sentences: what is common? What is the difference?)
- What differences can you note in the semantic relations of these sentences? (students reveal the following: between the predicative parts of the ERP, relations are equal, union and emphasizes the sequence of actions taking place; in SPP - unequal, unions give different semantic shades (condition, time, reason). In BSP these relations are less clearly expressed, they depend on the content of the predicative parts included in them. In BSP, the role of intonation is great, which dictates the need for certain punctuation marks).
We analyze each BSP (slide 2) and write the results into the diagram.
Work with the textbook (paragraph 23, p. 131). Checking the results
- - Who understands partially? Raise one hand.
- - Who didn't understand anything? Stand up.
- - Who understands everything? Raise both hands.
Anchoring.
- Whoever understood everything or partly - they work by cards.
Card 1
|
Card 2 Explain the staging of punctuation marks
|
Card 3 Explain the staging of punctuation marks
|
Card 4 Explain the staging of punctuation marks
|
Card 5 Collect proverbs. Write down the BSP. Place punctuation marks, explain their setting. |
- Others work with a teacher (slide 3) (explain the setting of punctuation marks).
- Find the "third excess" (riddle)... Why?
Throughout the lesson, students help each other.
- Make a syncwine according to these texts (for those who coped with the cards)
Do good -
There is no greater joy.
And sacrifice your life
And hurry
Not for fame or sweets
And at the behest of the soul.
When you boil, fate
humiliated,
You are from powerlessness and shame
Don't let the hurt soul
Momentary judgment.
Wait.
Chill out.
Believe - really
Everything will fall into place.
You are strong.
The strong are not vindictive.
The weapon of the strong is kindness. (T. Kuzovleva)Give, people, warm words!
To make your head spin.
So that it was sweet - verbal kind honey!
For words to melt ice in the heart!After all, a word can heal a soul
Or maybe just wound and kill.
After all, the word can create beauty.
Or it can denigrate, and spit ...And do not regret kind words,
To make the green grass bloom!
In order not to cry from a wasp sting.
Not a cactus, but a fragrant jasmine grew.Indeed, each word contains a whole country!
The war begins from the evil,
And resentment, revenge are born ...
How many words ?! They are all countless ...Give, people, warm words!
And let the evil rumor be silenced!
Let's create happiness!
After all, the word is peace and grace!
Algorithm for writing syncwine
Conclusion:the main leading feature that determines the choice of punctuation marks in the BSP is the semantic relationship between the predicative parts of a complex sentence and the degree of their prevalence, as well as a slowed rate of speech, pauses between predicative parts.
- In which texts are punctuation marks used in the BSP? (description of nature, proverbs, sayings, riddles)
- So, BSP with a comma and a semicolon are often used by artists to describe nature, and BSP with a colon and a dash is often used in proverbs, sayings, aphorisms, riddles.
- Referring to the epigraph and the name of the action (Explain the setting of punctuation marks).
III. Reflection
(slide 4)
Optional homework(slide 5)
| Individual student assessment card (name) | |||||||||
| Content | Working with the epigraph | reiteration | study | anchorage | syncwine | Participation in the action | reflection | ||
| Work on the card | Working with a teacher | Work on the card | Working with a teacher | ||||||
| appraisal | |||||||||
| Overall score | |||||||||
Depending on the meaning, semantic relations between simple sentences in non-union complex sentences, the following punctuation marks are used: comma, semicolon, colon, dash. To check the meaning of a non-union complex sentence, you can use synonymous constructions of compound or complex sentences.
Comma in a non-union complex sentence, it is put in the event that simple sentences are connected by enumeration relations (simultaneity and sequence). You can insert the union and between simple sentences.
Wed: The blizzard did not subside, the sky did not clear up (Pushkin). - The blizzard did not subside and the sky did not clear up; The train went quickly, its lights soon disappeared, after a minute there was no more noise (Chekhov). - The train went quickly, and its lights soon disappeared, and after a minute there was no more noise.
Semicolon in a non-union complex sentence, it is put in the event that simple sentences are connected by enumeration relations, but are distant from each other in meaning or are significantly widespread:
To the left was a deep gorge; / 1 behind him and in front of us, the dark blue peaks of the mountains, dug with layers of snow, were drawn on the pale sky, still retaining the last reflection of the dawn / 2 (Lermontov).
Colon in non-unioncomplex
1. The second simple sentence clarifies the meaning of the first (explanatory relationship). Before the second sentence, you can put the words namely, that is.
Wed: A terrible thought flashed in my mind: I imagined it in the hands of robbers (Pushkin). - A terrible thought flashed through my mind, namely: I imagined it in the hands of the robbers.
Note!
A colon is mandatory if there are words in the first sentence of a non-union complex sentence so, such, such, one and the like, the specific content of which is disclosed in the second sentence.
My custom is this: signed, off your shoulders (Griboyedov); I can only tell you one thing: you can't sit back. (Chekhov).
2. The second simple sentence complements the content of the first (additional relations). Before the second sentence, you can insert the union what.
Wed: I knew that the blow of fate would not bypass me (Lermontov). - I knew that the blow of fate would not bypass me.
Note!
Sometimes there are verbs in the first sentence look out, look around, listen and etc.; phrases raise your eyes, raise your head and others, warning about further presentation. In this case, between the parts of a non-union sentence, you can insert not just a union that, but a combination of words: and saw that; and heard that; and felt that etc.
Wed: I looked out of the wagon: everything there was darkness and whirlwind (Pushkin). - I looked out of the wagon and saw that everything was darkness and whirlwind; He thought, sniffed: it smells like honey (Chekhov). - He thought, sniffed and felt that smells like honey.
3. The second simple sentence indicates the reason for what the first sentence says (causal relationship). Before the second sentence, you can insert a causal union because.
Wed: Now everyone is in the house had a stern expression: the earthquake was not good (Tynyanov). - Now everyone in the house had a stern expression, because the earthquake was not good; The birds were not heard: they do not sing during the heat (Turgenev). - The birds were not heard, because they do not sing during the heat.
Dash in non-unioncomplexa proposal is placed in the following cases:
1. The second simple sentence contains an unexpected join, an indication of a quick change of events. You can insert words before the second sentence and suddenly, and unexpectedly, and suddenly, and immediately:
The cheese fell out - with it there was a cheat (Krylov). - The cheese fell out, and suddenly there was a cheat with it; The wind blew - everything trembled, came to life, laughed (M. Gorky). - The wind blew, and at once everything trembled, came to life, laughed.
2. The second sentence of a complex non-union sentence expresses opposition. You can insert the unions a, but between simple sentences.
Wed: I would be glad to serve - it is sickening to serve (Griboyedov). - I would be glad to serve, but to serve is sickening; He is a guest - I am the host (Bagritsky). - He is a guest and I am the host.
3. The second sentence contains a consequence, result, conclusion. You can insert words between parts therefore, then, as a result.
Wed: I'm dying - I have nothing to lie to (Turgenev). - I am dying, so I have nothing to lie to; I would go to the pilots - let them teach me (Mayakovsky). - I would become a pilot, so let them teach me.
Note. If the meaning of the consequence is not expressed intonationally, a comma is placed instead of a dash, for example: Man is not a needle, we will find (Chekhov).
4. The first sentence contains the meaning of a time or condition. Before the first part, you can put unions when, if.
Wed: Cats squabble - freedom for mice (proverb). - When cats bite, mice have freedom; If it will rain, there will be fungi (Pushkin). - If it rains, there will be fungi.
Note If the second sentence in a non-uniona complex sentence begins with a particle, so a comma is placed instead of a dash, for example: Give everyone vodka, so soon you yourself will have to starve (Pushkin).
5. The second sentence contains a comparison. Between simple sentences, you can put alliances like, like.
Wed: Speaks the word - the nightingale sings (Lermontov). - Speaks a word, as if a nightingale sings.
6. The second sentence in a complex non-union sentence has a connecting meaning and begins with the words so, so, so:
An order is an order - that's how he was brought up (Vorobyov).
The second sentence has an adjoining meaning and you can put the word this before it (sometimes this word is in the sentence itself):
Plan for parsing a non-union complex sentence
- Indicate the type of complex sentence (non-union complex sentence).
- Indicate how many parts a non-union complex sentence consists of (highlight grammatical bases).
- Indicate the meaning (semantic relationship) between the parts of a non-union sentence. Justify the setting of the punctuation mark (comma, semicolon, colon, dash).
- Build a diagram of a non-union complex sentence.
Sample parsing
The oak holds on - the reed has fallen to the ground (Krylov).
Unionless complex sentence; consists of two simple parts: 1) the oak keeps; 2) the reed fell to the ground; grammatical basics: 1) the oak keeps; 2) the reed fell... The second sentence contains opposition (between the parts you can insert the union a: The oak is holding on, but the reed has fallen to the ground). Therefore, a dash is placed between the parts of a complex non-union sentence.
- .
against.
Izvestia
PENZA STATE PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY named after V.G.BELINSKY HUMANITIES № 23 2011
PENZENSKOGO GOSUDARSTVENNOGO PEDAGOGICHESKOGO UNIVERSITETA imeni V. G. BELINSKOGO HUMANITIES No. 23 2011
UNIONLESS DIFFICULT SUGGESTIONS WITH PREDICTION SEMANTICS
IN RUSSIAN ADDRESSES
© l. V. POPOVA Moscow State Regional University, Department of Contemporary Russian Language e-mail: [email protected]
Popova L.V. - Unionless complex sentences with prediction semantics in Russian proverbs // Izvestiya PGPU im. V.G.Belinsky. 2011. No. 23. S. 212-214. - The article analyzes the main types of non-union complex sentences with prediction semantics. The classification according to the structure of various types of structures is given.
Keywords: prediction semantics, proverb, infinitive sentence, imperative, preventive, warning.
Popova L. V. - Аsyndetic composite sentences with semantics of prediction in Russian proverbs // Izv. Penz. gos. pedagog. univ. im.i V. G. Belinskogo. 2011. No. 23. P. 212-214 .- The article describes the principal views of conjunc-tionless compound sentences with semantics of a prediction. The classification by structure of various types of designs is resulted.
Keywords: semantics of prediction, proverb, infinitive sentence, imperative, preventive, caution.
One of the actual and used types of utterance in the Russian language is prediction. Interest in all kinds of forecasts that can help overcome negative situations, resolve human problems, is increasing due to various changes in the life of the country and society. Prediction is one of the types of preventive action on a person. Constructions with prediction semantics in Russian have not been studied in detail. The purpose of this article is to describe and classify the types of non-union complex sentences (BSP) with the meaning of prediction based on the material of Russian proverbs.
The semantics of prediction can be expressed in Russian by different types of sentences. Among them are complex clauses with subordinate clauses, non-union complex sentences and simple sentences. Consider one of the types of prediction sentences - BSP. To tell the truth is to annoy yourself. Do not stop the madman - he will go mad. If you chase someone else's, you will lose yours. With a yaryzhkoy you go around - you are without a shirt. We noticed that predictions in the form of BSP have a certain structure: it is always a two-part structure, in the first part of which an infinitive, a negative imperative / singular imperative or a 2nd person indicative can be used
units numbers. According to the classification of NS Pospelov, the type of structures under consideration is characterized by homogeneous composition and has a closed structure. The fixed order of the parts in the BSP with the semantics of prediction, the presence of conditional relationships between predicative parts are the most important indicators of this kind of predictive statement (prediction).
BSP with prediction semantics is one of the most productive syntactic ways to formulate a proverb in Russian. The edifying function of a proverb is undeniable, since the prediction that is expressed in a proverb generalizes the experience of many generations. The situations captured in it and the natural way out of them, allowing to avoid negative consequences, reveal a special structure of predictive constructions in the form of BSP: SITUATION - FORECASTED CONCLUSION. For example: Do not sit on someone else's horse - you will descend among the mud. Give yourself free rein, will lead you to a dashing lot. To encroach on God is to lose one's own.
It should be noted the generalized meaning of constructs with prediction semantics. action in predictive sentences is assigned to a generalized addressee. The caveat in these constructs is also directed at the listener. The addressee is not personified, but through
Philological SCIENCES "
the pronoun you is authorized implicitly. The situation described in the prediction may also apply to the predictor. At the same time, the pronoun you does not occur in the constructions under consideration. This is due to the fact that the pronoun you shows the detachment of the addressee from the situation and from the listener. EM Galkina-Fedoruk notes that "generalization can take on an even brighter meaning if the sentence designates such an activity that is inherent, inherent or not inherent in all at all."
We have identified three main types of BSP with prediction semantics: BSP, each part of which is an analogue of an infinitive sentence; BSP, in the first part of which the verb is in the form of an imperative (including negation) of the singular; BSP with 2nd person indicative unit. the numbers in the first part.
Let's consider the first type of BLP with the meaning of prediction: Arguing against explicitness is only fooling. To tell the truth is not to please anyone. To rest oneself is not to build a house. These are ununionable complex sentences, each of whose parts is an analogue of a one-part infinitive sentence. The type of constructions under consideration expresses conditional-consequence relations, which reflect the speaker's desire to protect the addressee from danger and direct him to the right path, thereby pushing him to action. SI Syatkovsky, EI Voinova note the generalization and infinitive action. it can be correlated with any person, both the speaker (addressee), and with any possible person who can perform an action [see: 1, 7]. Thus, the meaning of generalization is inherent in BSP, each of the parts of which is an analogue of an infinitive sentence. we noticed that in two parts of the type of BSP under consideration, there is a different ratio of the species forms of predicate verbs. The use of imperfect verbs allows you to express the simultaneity of the described situations, which is typical for affirmative sentences: Clicking the wind - in vain to rip off the voice. Along with them, there is another type of BSP, each of the parts of which is an analogue of an infinitive sentence: in the second predicative part of such sentences there is a negation: To live wider than oneself is not to make good. Such BSPs are characterized by the use of a perfective verb with negation, which reflects not only the sequence of events, but also the result in the second part of the construction. The relationship between the temporal and modal forms of verbs in the BSP with the semantics of prediction requires further study, but already according to preliminary data, it is clear that this creates shades in the general meaning of sentences of this type.
The second type of non-union complex sentence with the meaning of prediction is the imperative construction in the first part. Don't dig holes for another, you yourself will fall. Fear the highest, do not say too much. Do not stroke the calf on the back - it will die.
Note that in most cases, sentences of this type include a negative imperative in the first part of the BSP. One of the main functions of prediction is to protect a person from impending danger, warning. So, in this case, the first part of non-union complex sentences reflects a situation that the addressee should avoid in order not to get into an unpleasant situation. In the first part of the BSP, the imperfect form is mainly used. In the second part, the predicate is expressed by the personal form of the perfect verb (less often the imperfect form), which actualizes one of the signs of prediction - the anticipatory reflection of reality - the predicted result. The desire to induce the addressee to action and point out the negative consequences if conditions are not met is at the heart of every prediction. this type should be attributed to the predictions themselves, since the main features of a specially organized syntactic structure expressing the semantics of forecast and warning (prediction) are concentrated in the considered form of BSP.
The third type of BSP with prediction semantics is BSP, in the first part of which the verb is used in the form of the 2nd person indicative sing. numbers. If you chase someone else's, you will lose yours. If you go to court, you won't find the truth. If you do not call both banks your own, neither will become yours. Let's pay attention to the use of the indicative mood in the first part of the BSP. The core form of expressing the sequence relations between the parts of the structure under consideration is the correspondence of the species forms of verbs. In both parts of the BSP under consideration, perfective verbs are used. In the above examples, the main signs of prediction are clearly expressed, among them: the presence of conditional-investigative relationships, a positive goal-setting, etc. The prohibition to commit an action is confirmed by a negative result threatening the addressee. In the type of BSP under consideration, there is the following variety: a description of a positive situation and, accordingly, its positive outcome. this type of constructions refers to prediction-advice: You give a judge, you win the truth - a description of the everyday situation when going to court: it was believed that you need to bring a gift to a judge in order to win the case. The second person of the singular number of verbs in each of the parts of the BSP of this type indicates the generality of the addressee, the relationship of the situations described in the prediction to everyone, including the addressee.
Summing up, it should be noted that predictions are linguocultural texts that reflect the wisdom and knowledge of generations. BSP is the most active type of constructions in proverbs with prediction semantics. We have established the main types of such sentences: BSP, each part of which is an analogue of an infinitive sentence; BSP, in the first
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the part of which the verb is in the form of the imperative (including with negation) of the singular; BSP with an indicative of the 2nd person singular in the first part.
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