Greetings friends! In continuation of the previous review of changes in labor protection rules during the operation of electrical installations, we will consider the labor protection rules during the operation of thermal power plants in a new, no less significant, edition. Verification of compliance with the labor protection requirements set out in these rules was also divided between two control and supervisory agencies - Rostrud, aka GIT, and Rostekhnadzor, aka Energonadzor. Let's talk about this distribution.

Order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia No. 703n of 15.11.2018, which amends the rules on labor protection during the operation of thermal power plants, as well as Order 704n for electrical installations, entered into force on 25 January 2019. It will be possible to download the current edition of the rules on labor protection during the operation of thermal power plants below.

In accordance with the amendments made, from January 25, the State Labor Inspectorate checks compliance with the requirements of the rules for operating thermal power plants, with the exception of the requirements set out in Chapter IV of these rules. Consequently, the State Energy Supervision undertakes Chapter IV - labor protection requirements in the implementation of production processes and operation of thermal power plants.

If, in the case of the rules for the operation of electrical installations, the requirements were divided between departments in the ratio, conditionally, 5% - GIT, 95% - Energonadzor, then the rules for operating thermal power plants were divided almost fraternally - 45/55. Although it would seem that one chapter got, but if you look at the content, then the requirements set out in Chapter 4 take up almost half of the document. Oh, this Energonadzor, all the requirements, like a blanket, pulls on itself :)

That's what the GIT got from the rules.

I. General provisions

1. The rules on labor protection during the operation of thermal power plants (hereinafter referred to as the Rules) establish state regulatory requirements for labor protection during the operation of the following thermal power plants, including those operating under pressure:
1) production, industrial heating and heating boilers with an absolute steam pressure of no more than 4.0 MPa and a water temperature of no more than 200 ° C, using all types of fossil fuels, as well as non-traditional renewable energy resources;
2) steam and water heating networks for all purposes, including pumping stations, condensate collection and return systems and other network facilities;
3) heat consumption systems for all purposes (technological, heating, ventilation, hot water supply, air conditioning), heat-consuming units, heat networks of consumers, heat points, other structures of a similar purpose;
4) central and individual heating points, pumping stations of all purposes;
5) heat exchangers for all purposes;
6) tanks for storage of fuel, chemicals and hot water.
The rules do not apply to thermal power plants:
- thermal power plants;
- sea and river vessels and floating facilities;
- rolling stock of railway and road transport.
2. The rules are mandatory for employers - legal entities, regardless of their organizational and legal forms and individuals (with the exception of employers - individuals who are not individual entrepreneurs) operating thermal power plants, including those operating under pressure.
3. The employer is responsible for the implementation of the Rules.
On the basis of the Rules and requirements of the technical documentation of the manufacturing organization of thermal power plants, the employer develops instructions on labor protection, which are approved by the local regulatory act of the employer, taking into account the opinion of the relevant trade union body or another authorized by the employees operating thermal power plants (hereinafter referred to as employees) of the representative body availability).
4. In the case of application of work methods, materials, tooling and equipment, performance of work, the requirements for safe use and implementation of which are not provided for by the Rules, one should be guided by the requirements of the relevant regulatory legal acts containing state regulatory requirements for labor protection.
5. The employer is obliged to provide:
1) maintenance of thermal power plants in good condition and their operation in accordance with the requirements of the Rules and technical documentation of the manufacturer;
2) training of employees on labor protection and testing of knowledge of labor protection requirements;
3) control over compliance by employees with the requirements of the Rules and instructions for labor protection.
6. During the operation of thermal power plants, workers may be exposed to harmful and (or) hazardous production factors, including:
1) heat carrier (steam, hot water), chemical reagents in case of possible destruction of elements of thermal power plants and pipelines;
2) increased temperature of the outer surface of thermal power plants and pipelines;
3) increased air temperature in working areas;
4) increased air pollution of working areas with fuel gas;
5) insufficient illumination of working areas;
6) increased level noise, vibration and radiation in the workplace;
7) moving vehicles, lifting machines, moving materials, moving parts of heating equipment (compressors, pumps, fans) and tools;
8) falling objects (items of equipment) and tools;
9) the location of workplaces at a significant height (depth) relative to the surface of the floor (ground);
10) cramped working conditions (in chambers, compartments, bunkers, wells);
11) electric shock.
7. Employers have the right to establish additional safety requirements when performing work related to the operation of thermal power plants, which improve working conditions for employees.

II. Labor protection requirements in the organization of work (production processes)

8. To perform work on the operation of thermal power plants are allowed employees at the age of at least 18 years, who have passed a mandatory preliminary medical examination in accordance with the established procedure, instruction on labor protection, training in safe methods and techniques for performing work and training at the workplace.
Employees are allowed to independently perform work on the operation of thermal power plants after testing their knowledge in the prescribed manner. Periodic knowledge testing is carried out at least once every 12 months.
Admission to independent work on the operation of thermal power plants is issued by the relevant local regulatory act of the employer.
9. When organizing work related to the possible exposure of employees to harmful and (or) hazardous production factors, the employer is obliged to take measures to eliminate them or reduce them to the levels of permissible exposure established by the requirements of the relevant regulatory legal acts.
10. Employees must be provided with special clothing, special footwear and other personal protective equipment in accordance with the established procedure.
The choice of means of collective protection of workers should be made taking into account the safety requirements for specific types of work.
11. To perform maintenance and repair work of thermal power plants, employees who have vocational trainingappropriate to the nature of the work performed, including training in labor protection.
12. Employees engaged in the maintenance and repair of thermal power plants must be provided with the necessary set of serviceable tools and devices in accordance with the requirements of the technical documentation of the manufacturer.
13. Work on the maintenance and repair of thermal power plants using tools and devices should be carried out in accordance with the Rules, as well as the requirements of regulatory legal acts containing state regulatory requirements for labor protection when working with tools and devices, approved by the Ministry of Labor of Russia.
14. Modes of work and rest of employees are established by the internal labor regulations and other local regulations of the employer in accordance with labor legislation.
15. An employee is obliged to notify his immediate or superior manager about every industrial accident, about all violations of the Rules noticed by him, malfunctions of equipment, tools, devices and means of individual and collective protection.
It is prohibited to work with faulty equipment, tools and fixtures, as well as personal and collective protective equipment.

III. Labor protection requirements for production facilities (production sites) and the organization of workplaces

Labor protection requirements for production facilities (production sites)

16. It is prohibited to obstruct walkways and driveways inside buildings (structures), industrial premises (production sites) to ensure the safe movement of workers and the passage of vehicles.
17. Production facilities must comply with the requirements of the sanitary and hygienic legislation of the Russian Federation.
18. Machines and devices that are not related to the maintenance and repair of thermal power plants must not be installed in the same room with them.
19. Doors of gas-hazardous premises without maintenance personnel permanently in the premises must be locked. Keys must be kept in the premises of the personnel on duty and issued for the period of work against receipt of employees according to the list approved by the employer, and at the end of the work they must be handed over to the person who issued them every day.
20. At the entrances to gas-hazardous premises, safety signs must be posted warning of the presence of hazardous substances and the danger of fire or explosion.
21. It is prohibited to set up workshops, sanitary and household and other premises under gas ducts.
22. Floors in production areas should be made of non-combustible materials with a non-smooth and non-slip surface; be level and have devices for draining water into the sewer.
Channels in production areas should be covered with removable plates at floor level. Removable plates must be corrugated and securely fastened.
Hazardous zones (openings in ceilings, stationary sites, pits, pits, open hatches of wells and heat chambers) must be fenced around the entire perimeter. Temporary fencing elements must be securely fastened with signs “Caution! Dangerous zone".
23. In the chambers and channels of underground heat pipelines, regular pumping of water from the pits must be organized and the passageways must not be blocked.
24. It is not allowed to install blind partitions in the channels of underground heat pipelines that impede the free passage of workers.
In exceptional cases, when the division of the channel into separate compartments is necessary according to technological conditions (when constructing a reinforced concrete panel board fixed support), before and after the dividing partition, exits to the earth's surface should be arranged.
25. It is forbidden to stay unnecessarily at the sites of thermal power plants, near hatches, manholes, water-indicating glasses, as well as near shut-off, control and safety valves and flange connections of pipelines under pressure.

Labor protection requirements for the organization of workplaces

26. In the production premises in which thermal power plants are installed, posters should be displayed clearly illustrating safe methods and techniques of work and the rules for providing first aid to victims.
27. A list of all premises with hazardous substances and gas hazardous places, approved by the employer, must be posted at the workplace of the work manager.
28. In the production area, lockable metal boxes with compartments for clean and dirty cleaning material should be installed. Cotton or linen rags are used as a cleaning material.
Dirty cleaning material from the drawers should be removed daily.
29. It is prohibited to store gasoline, kerosene, alcohol, paints and varnishes, solvents, thinners and other flammable materials in production premises in an amount exceeding the daily consumption rate.
30. Near workplaces, it is allowed to store lubricants in special metal tanks and oilers in an amount not exceeding the changeable consumption rate.
31. Smoking on the territory of the organization and in production premises is allowed only in specially designated areas.
It is forbidden to smoke in tanks, chambers, wells and channels, near open hatches, as well as in workplaces.
32. When servicing fittings and other elements of thermal power plants located at a height of more than 1.8 m from the floor (working platform) level, metal platforms with a ladder and a railing (railings) with a height of at least 0.9 m with continuous metal lining should be provided. bottom (side) with a height of at least 0.1 m.
Platforms and steps of stairs must be performed:
- from corrugated sheet steel or from sheets with an uneven surface obtained by surfacing or by another method;
- made of honeycomb or strip steel (per edge) with a mesh size of not more than 12 cm2;
- from expanded metal sheets.
The width of the platforms intended for servicing the valves, instrumentation and control devices must be at least 0.8 m, and the width of the remaining platforms must be at least 0.6 m.
It is prohibited to use smooth platforms and steps of stairs, as well as to make them from bar (round) steel.
The width of the stairs must be at least 0.6 m.
Ladders with a height of more than 1.5 m, intended for systematic maintenance of equipment, must have an angle of inclination to the horizontal of no more than 50 °.
Ladders should be equipped with platforms, the distance between which should not exceed 4 m.
For the repair and maintenance of fittings and other elements of thermal power plants located above 1.8 m from the floor and do not require constant maintenance, in the cases provided for by the technical documentation of the manufacturer, it is allowed to use portable step ladders, mobile platforms, scaffolding and scaffolding.
33. The distance from the floor to the bottom of the service areas and communications in the passages under them must be at least 2 m.
34. The distance from the sites or the upper part of the lining of thermal power plants, from which the fittings, fittings, instrumentation are serviced, to the bottom of the protruding structures of the ceiling (covering) of the production room should be at least 2 m.
If the thermal power plants are not serviced from the upper part of the lining and there is no need to move along the top, then the distance from the upper part of the lining of the heating equipment to the bottom of the protruding structures of the ceiling (covering) of the production room may be reduced to 0.7 m.

• Labor protection requirements for the maintenance and repair of thermal power plants.
• Labor protection requirements for the operation of thermal power plants.
• Labor protection requirements for the installation and dismantling of thermal power plants.

What will the GIT inspector check in terms of labor protection rules during the operation of thermal power plants?

Checking the GIT for compliance with labor protection rules during the operation of thermal power plants is carried out on the basis of checklist No. 41 (labor protection requirements during work on the operation of thermal power plants). As in the case of checklist No. 24 (operation of electrical installations), the corresponding changes were not made to checklist No. 41, so it is not known at the moment how correct the check will be carried out in the regions.

Checklist No. 41 contains 27 control questions, of which, taking into account the separation of powers, the inspectors of the State Inspectorate for Information Technologies get 11. I will give them in full.

1. The employer has developed labor protection instructions, which are approved by the local regulatory act of the employer, taking into account the opinion of the relevant trade union body or another representative body authorized by the employees operating thermal power plants (paragraph 3 of the Rules).

2. The employer provided training for workers in labor protection and testing of knowledge of labor protection requirements ( paragraph 2 of clause 5 of the Rules).

3. The employer allowed employees to perform work on the operation of thermal power plants at the age of at least 18 years, who have undergone a mandatory preliminary medical examination, have been instructed on labor protection, have been trained in safe methods and techniques for performing work, have completed an internship at the workplace ( paragraph 1 of clause 8 of the Rules).

4. Workers were allowed to independently perform work on the operation of thermal power plants after a knowledge test ( paragraph 2 of clause 8 of the Rules).

5. The admission to independent work on the operation of thermal power plants is issued by the relevant local regulatory act of the employer ( paragraph 3 of clause 8 of the Rules).

6. The employer provided the employees with special clothing, special footwear, personal protective equipment (paragraph 10 of the Rules).

7. Keys to the doors of gas-hazardous premises are stored in the premises of the personnel on duty and are issued for the period of work against receipt to employees according to the list approved by the employer, and upon completion of work they are handed over to the person who issued them every day (clause 19 of the Rules).

8. At the entrances to gas-hazardous premises, safety signs are posted warning about the presence of harmful substances and the danger of fire or explosion (paragraph 20 of the Rules).

9. Elements of temporary barriers are fixed and signs “Caution! Dangerous zone" ( paragraph 3 of clause 22 of the Rules).

10. In the production premises in which thermal power plants are installed, posters are displayed, clearly illustrating safe methods and techniques of work and the rules for providing first aid to victims (paragraph 26 of the Rules).

11. At the workplace of the work manager, there is a list of all premises with the presence of harmful substances and gas hazardous places, approved by the employer (paragraph 27 of the Rules).

End questions.

Once again, I repeat, if the inspector crosses the boundaries of what is permissible during the inspection, that is, asks more questions regarding the rules for operating thermal power plants, then the results of such an inspection will most likely be challenged in court.

Please let us know in the comments what you think about the new changes, but it would be especially interesting to know how many people bring the unlimited decisions of the GIT to court?

Now you can download the regulatory documents on the topic.

DOWNLOAD DOCUMENTS

Order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated November 15, 2018 No. 703n "On Amendments to the Labor Protection Rules for the Operation of Thermal Power Plants, approved by Order of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation No. 551n dated August 17, 2015"

In the new edition:

Labor protection rules during the operation of thermal power plants, approved by order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated August 17, 2015 No. 551n

That's all. If the information is useful, then unforgettable about the rating stars;) Thank you!

To be continued …

It is difficult to imagine an enterprise that would not operate power plants. All of them must be guided by the Rules for the technical operation of thermal power plants approved by order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated March 24, 2003 No. 115. They apply to the following thermal power plants:

1. industrial, industrial heating and heating boilers with an absolute steam pressure of no more than 4.0 MPa and a water temperature of no more than 200C on all types of organic fuel, as well as using non-traditional renewable energy resources;
2. steam and water heating networks for all purposes, including pumping stations, condensate collection and return systems, and other network facilities;
3. heat consumption systems for all purposes (technological, heating, ventilation, hot water supply, air conditioning), heat-consuming units, heating networks of consumers, heating points, other structures of a similar purpose.

Responsibility for the implementation of the Rules rests with the head of the enterprise or the technical manager who is entrusted with such duties.

How to operate thermal power plants

Thermal power plants should only be operated by trained heat and power personnel. The organization may have its own energy service, or the operation of power plants is trusted by a third-party specialized organization.

The head of the organization must distribute responsibility for the operation of thermal power plants between production units, based on the structure of production, transportation, distribution and consumption of thermal energy. The responsibility of specific officials is recorded in their official duties. In case of an accident or an accident at a thermal power plant, personal responsibility is borne by:

1. employees directly servicing and repairing thermal power plants - for each of their violations and wrong actions in eliminating violations in the operation of thermal power plants in the area they serve;
2. operational and operational maintenance personnel, dispatchers - for violations committed by them or directly subordinate personnel performing work on their instructions;
3. management personnel and specialists of workshops and departments of the organization, heating boiler houses and repair enterprises; chiefs, their deputies, foremen and engineers of local production services, sections and repair and mechanical services; chiefs, their deputies, foremen and engineers of heating network districts - for unsatisfactory work organization and violations committed by them or their subordinates;
4. heads of the organization operating thermal power plants, and their deputies - for violations that occurred at the enterprises they manage, as well as as a result of unsatisfactory organization of repairs and non-implementation of organizational and technical preventive measures;
5. managers, as well as specialists of design, design, repair, commissioning, research and installation organizations that performed work on thermal power plants - for violations committed by them or their subordinate personnel.

The head of the organization should appoint a person responsible for the good condition and safe operation of electrical installations and his deputy from among the management personnel or specialists with thermal power education. If heat energy is used only for heating, ventilation and hot water supply, then an employee without a heat and power education can be appointed responsible. Such an employee monitors:

1. operability and serviceability of thermal power plants, their operation in accordance with the Rules;
2. observance of hydraulic and thermal modes of operation of heat supply systems;
3. rational use of fuel and energy resources, development and implementation of standards for their consumption;
4. accounting and analysis of technical and economic indicators of thermal power plants;
5. development of measures to reduce the consumption of fuel and energy resources;
6. operation and implementation of automated systems and devices for monitoring and regulating hydraulic and thermal modes, as well as accounting for thermal energy and coolant;
7. timely maintenance and repair of thermal power plants;
8. maintaining established statistical reporting;
9. development of job descriptions and operating instructions;
10. staff training and testing of their knowledge;
11. development of energy balances of the organization and their analysis in accordance with the established requirements;
12. availability and maintenance of passports and executive documentation for all thermal power plants;
13. development of long-term plans to reduce the energy consumption of manufactured products; the introduction of energy-saving and environmentally friendly technologies, recycling installations using thermal secondary energy resources, as well as non-traditional methods of generating energy;
14. acceptance and admission into operation of new and reconstructed thermal power plants;
15. compliance with the instructions of the state supervision authorities;
16. timely provision of information on investigation of accidents and accidents to the supervisory authorities.

How to train staff

The personnel operating thermal power plants is divided into:

1. leading employees;
2. heads of the structural unit;
3. management personnel and specialists;
4. operational managers, operational and operational-repair personnel;
5. repair personnel.

All of them should be trained in safe working practices according to the following table:

Employees must be tested on their knowledge of the rules for the technical operation of thermal power plants and safety rules at least once every three years, and those who are directly involved in the operation, commissioning, regulation of power plants - at least once a year. An extraordinary test of knowledge is carried out regardless of the period of the previous test:

1. when new or revised rules and regulations are introduced;
2. when installing new equipment, reconstructing or changing the main technological schemes;
3. upon appointment or transfer to another job, if new responsibilities require additional knowledge of the rules and regulations;
4. if employees violate the requirements of labor protection regulations;
5. at the request of the state supervision authorities;
6. during a break in this position for more than 6 months.

An extraordinary test of the knowledge of the personnel is carried out by special commissions. Those who have successfully passed the knowledge test are issued a certificate of the established sample, which is a permit to work in thermal power plants. Before testing knowledge, short-term training is conducted at the place of work or in educational institutions lasting up to 3 weeks.

If a thermal power plant is transferred to another owner, decommissioned or removed from the balance of the organization, then an entry is made in the Book of Accounts. A copy of the document is put into the passport of the power plant and transferred to the new owner.

Dubrovsky Valery Pavlovich

2015-07-21 11:00:20

Thank you for the constant fresh information. I will report to the management about the possibility of training on the basis of "Unital-M"

Valentine

2015-07-21 11:16:01

Thank you so much for the information. If we have thermal installations (heat energy is used only for heating, hot water supply, we do not have our own boiler room), they are serviced by a third-party organization, then we must train those responsible for safe operation. as executives?

2015-07-21 14:21:32

Thanks for the information.

2015-07-21 16:01:06

Errors were stuck in the text. And I want to add about the PURPOSE INSTRUCTION, which is repeated several times in the text. PURPOSE instruction is carried out when the work is not related to the main professional activity.

Answers to questions about tickets

1. Requirements of what rules must be observed when operating electrical equipment of thermal power plants?

Electrical Installation Rules;

Rules for the technical operation of electrical installations of consumers;

Interindustry rules on labor protection (safety rules) during the operation of electrical installations;

2. Who is responsible for ensuring fire safety of premises and equipment of thermal power plants, as well as for the availability and good condition of primary fire extinguishing equipment?

On the head of the organization

3. How often should external inspections of chimneys and gas ducts be carried out?

Once a year in spring

4. What should be the maximum temperature of fuel oil in receiving tanks and reservoirs?

15 ° C below the flash point of the fuel, but not higher than 90 ° C

5. How often is the water indicating devices checked by blowing and the readings of the lowered water level indicators are verified?

At least once a shift

6. Who issues permission to connect heating networks and heat consumption systems after installation and reconstruction?

Energy Supervision Department of Rostechnadzor

7. What test pressure is used to test the strength and density of hot water supply systems?

Pressure equal to the operating pressure in the system, plus 0.5 MPa (5 kgf / cm2), but not more than 1 MPa (10 kgf / cm2)

8. How many days before the test furnace, before the start of the heating period, should the heat supplying organization notify consumers about this?

In three days

9. In what case can the equipment under the operational control or the operational control of the superior operational dispatching personnel be taken out of operation without the permission of this personnel?

Only in case of obvious danger to people and equipment

10. What document regulates the work on the equipment of thermal power plants and heating networks?

11. For what are the heads of the organization operating thermal power plants and heating networks personally responsible?

For violations that occurred at the enterprises they manage, as well as as a result of unsatisfactory organization of repairs and failure to comply with organizational and technical preventive measures

12. Who carries out the admission to operation of new or reconstructed thermal power plants?

Rostekhnadzor

13. When is the condition of the pipe lighting fixtures monitored?

Every day when the light is turned on

14. Who performs the shift control over the condition of ash collectors and their systems?

By operating personnel

15. Can the heat pump be operated with defective shutdown protections?

Not allowed

16. At what speed is it necessary to heat the heating system when the circulation is established?

No more than 30 ° С per hour

17. What kind of shut-off valves are used as shut-off valves at the input of heating networks to a heating point?

Steel

18. When does the heating season end?

If, within five days, the average daily outdoor temperature is + 8 ° C and above

19. Who approves the list of complex switchings in heating circuits of boiler houses and heating networks?

Technical manager of the organization

20. Which of the listed measures are organizational, ensuring the safety of work during equipment repair?

Registration of work by order or order, admission to work, supervision during work, registration of a break in work, transfer to another place, completion of work

21. What administrative fine can be imposed on legal entities for commissioning thermal power plants without the permission of the relevant authorities?

From ten thousand to twenty thousand rubles or administrative suspension of activities for up to ninety days

22. Which of the specialists of the organization can be appointed responsible for the good condition and safe operation of thermal power plants?

A specialist from the number of management personnel or a specialist with a special thermal power education after checking the knowledge of the relevant rules and instructions

23. How often should an internal inspection of the chimney and flue be carried out with all connected boilers turned off?

5 years after commissioning and thereafter at least once every 10 years

24. In what way should the fuel be supplied to the boiler rooms?

Mechanized

25. What thickness should be the thermal insulation of the supply pipelines of hot water supply systems, with the exception of the connections to the water-folding appliances?

Not less than 10 mm

26. Which of the listed measures are not included in the set of measures in preparation for the heating season to ensure the reliability of heat supply to consumers?

27. How often are the typical switching programs revised?

At least once every three years, as well as after commissioning, reconstruction or dismantling of equipment, taking into account changes in technological schemes and schemes of technological protection and automation

28. Who has the right to issue orders for work on thermal power plants?

Specialists of the workshop (site) in charge of the equipment, who have passed the knowledge test, admitted to independent work and are included in the list of workers entitled to issue orders

29. Which executive authority exercises technical control and supervision in the electric power industry?

Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision

30. Who carries out the acceptance of thermal power plants from overhaul?

Working commission appointed by the administrative document for the organization

31. In accordance with the requirements of what regulatory and technical documents should the operation of industrial chimneys and ventilation pipes be carried out?

In accordance with the Safety Rules for industrial smoke and ventilation pipes (PB 03-445-02)

32. What should be the oxygen content in gas pipelines after purging?

No more than 1%

33. How often should hydraulic tests of boilers be carried out?

At least once every three years

34. From what material should the fittings be installed at the outputs of heating networks from heat sources?

35. What document should be drawn up for each heating point?

Technical certificate

36. Where should heat supply organizations approve a schedule for limiting the supply of heat energy in case of taking urgent measures to prevent or eliminate accidents in the heat supply system?

In the local executive authority

37. In accordance with which document are the tests of thermal power plants carried out, as a result of which the power supply regime can significantly change?

In accordance with the working test program

38. What are the requirements for the design of outfits?

The work order is issued in two copies. In both copies, the records must be clear and clear. Corrections and strikethrough of the written text are prohibited.

39. What Federal law establishes the basic rights and obligations of the subjects of the electric power industry in carrying out activities in the field of the electric power industry and consumers of electric and thermal energy?

40. Under what condition is the inclusion of thermal power plants in operation?

After admission of thermal power plants into operation

41. What documents determine the territory for the placement of industrial buildings and structures of thermal power plants?

Design and passport of a thermal power plant

42. With what frequency should an inventory of the amount of fuel supplied to the warehouse and consumed by the boiler house be carried out?

3. At least once a quarter

43. What is the minimum holding time under test pressure during hydraulic tests of the boiler?

44. With what frequency should the hydraulic regimes of water heating networks be developed for the heating and summer periods?

Annually

45. How often should the internal parts of the ventilation systems be cleaned?

At least 2 times a year, unless more frequent cleaning is required due to operating conditions

46. \u200b\u200bWhere should there be cases of untreated water supply to recharge the heating network?

In the operational journal

47. In what operational states can thermal power plants put into operation be?

In work, reserve, repair or conservation

48. How long should closed orders be kept?

49. Which thermal power plants are not covered by the Rules for the technical operation of thermal power plants?

50. How long is the complex testing of the equipment of thermal power plants carried out?

Within 72 hours

51. With what frequency are mandatory inspections of buildings and structures of thermal power plants and heating networks carried out?

2 times a year, in spring and autumn

52. How often should the scheduled repair of gas equipment be carried out?

At least once a year

53. How often is it necessary to carry out an internal inspection of the deaerators?

Annually

54. What is the total duration of interruptions in operation during the year for electrochemical protection installations?

No more than 7 days

55. When is the heating system flushed?

After the end of the heating season, as well as after installation, overhaul and maintenance with replacement of pipes

56. Who controls the quality of source, makeup and network water in heat supply systems?

57. What should the operating and dispatching personnel do if an erroneous order is received from the superior operating and dispatching personnel?

Report the error to the person who gave such an order, in case of confirmation of the task, complete it and make an entry in the operational log

58. Who should check the preparation of workplaces when admitting a team to work alongside?

Work supervisor and work supervisor together with the admitting

59. What executive body is the body of state energy supervision?

Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision

60. What is not included in the mandatory forms of work with management personnel and specialists in the operation of thermal power plants?

Duplication

61. How many days before the start of the heating season is a partial inspection of those parts of buildings and structures for which deficiencies in repair work were revealed during the general autumn inspection?

In fifteen days

62. With what frequency should the bypasses of the underground gas pipelines located on the territory of the boiler house be carried out?

63. Who gives an instruction for commissioning after installation or reconstruction of technological protections acting on equipment shutdown?

64. In what case is it allowed to connect new consumers to heating networks?

Only if the heat source has a power reserve and a reserve of throughput of the heating network mains

65. To what extent is the deviation of the average daily temperature of the water supplied to the heating and hot water supply system allowed?

Within 3% of the set temperature schedule

66. With whom should the schedule for turning on and off heat consumption systems be agreed?

From power supply organizations

67. In what case is a round-the-clock dispatch control organized in an organization?

When operating heat supply and heat consumption systems with a capacity of 10 Gcal / hour or more, as well as if the organization carries out production activities for the production, transmission

68. What is the minimum permissible number of team members and what is the minimum permissible number of students that can be included in the team?

When working alongside the team must consist of at least 2 people, including the work supervisor, who is not indicated in the lines of the order "with team members". It is allowed to include in the brigade for each of its main members, one trainee or apprentice, or a newly hired worker undergoing practical training, without checking their knowledge of the requirements of safety rules

69. How is the division of responsibility for the operation of thermal power plants determined between the organization - the consumer of thermal energy and the energy supplying organization?

On the basis of an energy supply contract

70. With what frequency should the organization conduct commissioning tests and work to develop regime maps and standard characteristics of the operation of the elements of the heat supply system?

At least once every five years

71. In boiler houses with what capacity is it necessary to monitor the groundwater level?

72. With what frequency is it necessary to check the alarm and the correctness of the instrumentation readings?

According to the approved schedule, but at least once a week

73. What data is not indicated on the nameplate of pumps used to supply water to boilers?

Name of the design organization

74. With what frequency should heating networks be tested for the maximum temperature of the coolant?

Once every five years

75. What is the permissible rate of hourly coolant leakage from heating, ventilation and hot water supply systems?

Should not exceed the norm, which is 0.25% of the volume of water

76. When does the heating season start?

77. To whom, first of all, is the operating personnel of the heat source obliged to inform about the forced deviation from the load schedule?

Heating network dispatcher

78. How is a break from work during the working day formalized?

Carried out by the manufacturer of the work alone with the obligatory registration of a new outfit

In case of a break in work during the working day (for lunch, according to the terms of work), the team is removed from the workplace and the outfit remains with the work manager. The admission of the brigade after such a break is carried out by the work manufacturer alone without registration in the attire

79. Who, in accordance with the Federal Law of 26.03.2003 N35-FZ "On the Electric Power Industry", is the consumer of heat energy?

Persons purchasing heat energy for their own household and (or) industrial needs

80. Which of the following is not indicated in the job description of the personnel?

The procedure for preparing for start-up, start-up, shutdowns during operation and when eliminating malfunctions

81. What is the storage period provided for executive schemes-general plans of underground structures and communications on the territory of the organization?

Constant

82. What is not allowed to do to prevent spontaneous combustion of coal?

4. To prevent spontaneous combustion of a stone, it is necessary to observe all of the listed prohibitions

83. What should be the minimum test pressure for hydraulic testing of pipelines?

1.25 working pressure, but not less than 0.2 MPa (2 kgf / cm2)

84. How are preliminary and acceptance tests of pipelines of heating networks carried out?

By water, in some cases pneumatically

85. What kind of lighting should the supply chambers of ventilation systems have?

Artificial

86. With what frequency is it necessary to revise the water treatment equipment and adjust it?

Periodically, at least once every 3 years

87. How does the operating personnel carry out the acceptance and delivery of the shift during the elimination of technological violations?

Acceptance and delivery of a shift during elimination of technological violations is not allowed

88. How are changes in the composition of the brigade formalized?

The change in the composition of the team is drawn up in both copies of the order by the work manager

89. What should an employee do when he notices faults in the electrical installation or protective equipment?

Immediately report this to your immediate supervisor, in his absence - to a superior supervisor

90. How are pressure measuring instruments selected?

The maximum working pressure, measured by the device, should be within 2/3 of the scale maximum at constant load, 1/2 of the scale maximum at variable. The upper limit of the scale of self-recording manometers must correspond to one and a half times the working pressure of the measured medium

91. Who in the organization approves the schedule of preventive maintenance of buildings and structures of the boiler house?

Head of the organization

92. With what frequency is the selective inspection of the reinforcement carried out?

At least once every four years

93. With what frequency are the operating tests of boilers operating on gaseous fuel carried out?

At least once every three years

94. What water is used to make up the heating network?

Softened deaerated water

95. With what frequency is it necessary to inspect the equipment of supply ventilation systems?

At least once a week

96. What time is the development of preparation schedules for the upcoming heating season?

Until the end of the current heating season, but no later than May of the current year

97. In what case is an extraordinary test of knowledge not carried out?

In case of a break in this position for more than 3 months

98. What is not indicated in the documents for the supply of liquid fuel?

Density

99. Where are the results of technical inspection of heat pumps recorded?

In the pump passport

100. With what frequency should the thermal chambers be inspected during the heating season?

At least once a month

101. Why is a red line drawn on the manometer scale of a heat-consuming installation?

It shows the value of the allowed pressure

102. When does the heating season start?

If, within five days, the average daily outdoor temperature is + 8 ° C and below

103. In accordance with which document are the tests of thermal power plants carried out, as a result of which the power supply regime can significantly change?

104. Which of the following does not apply to the responsibilities of the person responsible for the good condition and safe operation of thermal power plants?

Preparation of documents regulating the relationship between producers and consumers of heat energy and coolant

105. How often are current inspections of buildings and structures with a service life of up to 15 years carried out for boiler houses with an installed capacity of less than 10 Gcal / hour?

Allowed once a year

106. How often should bunkers be completely emptied for inspection and cleaning when using wet fuel?

107. With what frequency are the operational tests of boilers operating on solid and liquid fuels carried out?

At least once every five years

108. With what frequency should heat pipelines and heat points be bypassed during the heating season?

At least once a week

109. What should be the surface temperature of thermal insulation of heat-consuming installations?

It should not exceed 45 ° C at an ambient temperature of 25 ° C

110. In what case can the equipment, which is in the operational management or operational management of the superior operational dispatching personnel, can be taken out of work without the permission of this personnel?

Only in case of obvious danger to people and equipment

111. For what are the heads of the organization operating thermal power plants and heating networks personally responsible?

For violations that occurred at the enterprises they manage, as well as as a result of unsatisfactory organization of repairs and failure to comply with organizational and technical preventive measures

112. At what break in work in the specialty is it necessary to undergo retraining for personnel associated with the operation of thermal power plants?

Over 6 months

113. Who in the organization approves the schedule for preventive maintenance of buildings and structures of the boiler house?

Head of the organization

114. What should be the maximum value of fluctuations in gas pressure in the boiler room gas pipeline?

Not higher than the value specified in the local instructions, but not higher than 10% of the working pressure

115. Who has the right to remove the seals from the protection equipment that has devices for changing the settings?

Only for workers servicing the protective device

116. What normative value should not be exceeded by the coolant leakage during the operation of heating networks?

0.25% of the average annual volume of water in the heating network and connected heat consumption systems per hour

117. What information is not indicated on the plate of a heat-consuming power plant operating under pressure after its installation and registration?

FULL NAME. and the position of responsible for the good condition and safe operation of heat-consuming power plants

118. Which of the listed measures are organizational, ensuring the safety of work during equipment repair?

119. What Federal law establishes the basic rights and obligations of subjects of the electric power industry in carrying out activities in the field of the electric power industry and consumers of electrical and thermal energy?

Federal Law "On Electric Power Industry"

120. With what frequency is the check of operational managers carried out in the control emergency response training?

At least once every three months

121. What is the storage period provided for executive schemes-general plans of underground structures and communications on the territory of the organization?

Constant

122. What information is not indicated on the safety valve plate?

Commissioning date

123. What valves and gates on heating networks are equipped with an electric drive?

Diameter 500 mm or more

124. How often is it necessary to replace the gaskets of flange connections of heating systems?

At least once every five years

125. Who controls the quality of source, make-up and network water in heat supply systems?

Chemical laboratory or a special structural unit of the organization

126. What document regulates the work on the equipment of thermal power plants and heating networks?

Written attire or verbal order

127. Who, in accordance with the Federal Law of 26.03.2003 N35-FZ "On the Electric Power Industry", is the consumer of heat energy?

Persons purchasing heat energy for their own household and (or) industrial needs

128. How is the admission of personnel to independent work at thermal power plants formalized?

An administrative document of the head of an organization or a structural unit after passing the necessary instructions on labor safety, training (internship) and knowledge testing, duplication in the volume of the requirements of the Rules for the technical operation of thermal power plants and the absence of medical contraindications when performing work

129. What size should be crushed pieces of coal and oil shale before being fed to the boiler room?

Maximum 25 mm

130. In which case of the listed boiler is not subject to immediate shutdown and shutdown?

If the pressure in the boiler drum has risen above the permitted 5% and does not increase further

131. With what frequency should technical inspections of cathode and drainage installations of electrochemical protection of heating networks be carried out?

2 times a month and 4 times a month, respectively

132. What water is used to flush heating systems?

Tap water or industrial water

133. How many days before the test furnace, before the start of the heating period, should the heat supply organization notify consumers about this?

In three days

134. How often are the standard switching programs revised?

At least once every three years, as well as after commissioning, reconstruction or dismantling of equipment, taking into account changes in technological schemes and schemes of technological protection and automation

135. How are changes in the composition of the brigade formalized?

The change in the composition of the team is drawn up in both copies of the order by the work manager

136. Who approves the schedules for checking the knowledge of personnel operating thermal power plants?

Responsible for the good condition and safe operation of thermal power plants

137. In boiler houses with what capacity is it necessary to monitor the groundwater level?

In boiler rooms with an installed capacity of 10 or more Gcal / hour

138. How is the tightness of gas pipeline connections and fittings installed on it checked?

By external signs gas leaks (by smell, sound) using a soap emulsion

139. In what case it is allowed to use one hand pump for feeding water heating boilers?

If their working pressure is not more than 0.4 MPa (4 kgf / cm2) and the total heating surface is not more than 50 m2

140. How often should training be carried out with operating personnel on emergency switching schemes between highways?

On schedule, but at least once a quarter

141. Is it allowed to lay pipes with flammable and combustible liquids and gases through the room for ventilation equipment?

Not allowed under any conditions

142. Which of the listed measures are not included in the set of measures in preparation for the heating season to ensure the reliability of heat supply to consumers?

Increase in tariffs for consumers for heat and power supply

143. Where should the schemes of thermal power plants be stored?

At the workplace of service personnel

144. When is the observation of the health of the lighting fittings of the pipe carried out?

Every day when the light is turned on

145. With what frequency is the external inspection of fuel oil pipelines and fittings carried out?

At least once a year

146. What temperature should the water used during hydraulic testing of steam and hot water boilers have?

Not lower than 5 and not higher than 40 ° С

147. With what frequency should changes be made to plans, schemes, profiles of heating mains?

Annually in accordance with the actual state of heating networks

148. In what case are extraordinary tests for strength and density of heat-consuming power plants carried out?

In all these cases

149. For how long is the order issued for the performance of work?

The order is one-time in nature, its validity period is determined by the duration of the working day of the executors

150. What administrative penalty can be imposed on legal entities for violation of the rules of operation of thermal power plants?

Imposition of an administrative fine from ten thousand to twenty thousand rubles or administrative suspension of activities for up to ninety days

151. What will happen with the permit for admission of the power plant into operation if the power plant is not technologically connected to the networks within three months?

Nothing, the permit is valid for six months from the date it was received

152. What is the frequency with which the serviceability of the operation of safety valves is checked by their short-term "undermining"?

At each start-up of the boiler and periodically once a week

153. On what heating networks at valves and gates should bypass pipelines (bypasses) with stop valves be provided?

On water heating networks with a diameter of 500 mm and more at a nominal pressure of 1.6 MPa (16 kgf / cm2) and more

154. What fittings can be used as shut-off valves with DN up to 50 mm in hot water supply systems?

Any of the following

155. Where should heat supply organizations approve a schedule for limiting the supply of heat energy in case of taking urgent measures to prevent or eliminate accidents in the heat supply system?

At the local executive authority.

156. How are the valves on the supply pipeline and the corresponding valves on the return pipeline designated?

Odd and even numbers respectively

157. With what frequency should management personnel and specialists of the organization carry out inspections of heating points?

At least once a week

158. Requirements of what rules must be observed when operating electrical equipment of thermal power plants?

All the above rules

159. How long should the records of the readings of the recording devices be kept?

At least two months

160. What water level should be maintained in the boiler?

Factory installed and adjusted based on commissioning tests

161. What should be equipped with a heating network to control the parameters of the coolant?

All the listed selective devices

162. With what frequency is it necessary to inspect the distribution pipelines of heating systems located in the basements?

At least once a month

163. Which of the listed measures are organizational, ensuring the safety of work during equipment repair?

Registration of work by order or order, admission to work, supervision during work, registration of a break in work, transfer to another place, completion of work

164. Which of the following is not included in the required documentation for the operation of thermal power plants?

Copies of conclusions about the absence of medical contraindications for workers to perform work related to the operation of thermal power plants

165. Who in the organization approves the schedule of preventive maintenance of buildings and structures of the boiler house?

Head of the organization

166. Under what condition is it allowed to drain water from a stopped steam boiler with natural circulation?

167. What temperature should the water be when filling pipelines of heating networks?

Not higher than 70оС

168. What temperature of hot water must be maintained at the points of water intake for centralized hot water supply systems in open heat supply systems?

Not lower than 60оС and not higher than 75оС

169. In accordance with which document are the tests of thermal power plants carried out, as a result of which the power supply regime can change significantly?

In accordance with the Work Test Program

170. How often should the operating instructions for a thermal power plant be revised?

At least once every two years

171. What documents determine the territory for the placement of industrial buildings and structures of thermal power plants?

Design and passport of a thermal power plant

172. With what frequency should the bypasses of the underground gas pipelines located on the territory of the boiler house be carried out?

At least once every two days

173. Where should the regime cards for the operation of boilers be located?

On control panels

174. How long should the emergency stock of consumables used by operating personnel to eliminate damage to heating networks be replenished?

In 24 hours

175. What heat-consuming power plants should undergo additional inspections in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions?

All listed heat-consuming power plants

176. Who approves the list of complex switchings in heating circuits of boiler houses and heating networks?

Technical manager of the organization

177. Which of the following is not indicated in the operating instructions for a thermal power plant?

List of instructions and other regulatory and technical documentation, installation diagrams, knowledge of which is mandatory for the employee

178. How should the ends of conveyor belts be connected in case of their repair?

By gluing and vulcanizing

179. Under what condition is it allowed to drain water from a stopped steam boiler with natural circulation?

After reducing the pressure in it to atmospheric

180. What is the maximum deviation from the specified mode at the heat source is allowed for the temperature of the water entering the heating network?

181. Is it possible to analyze network water from closed heat supply systems?

Parsing of network water is not allowed

182. How long should closed orders be kept?

Within 30 days, orders for carrying out gas hazardous work within 1 year from the date of their issue

183. Who conducts periodic inspections of thermal power plants?

Persons responsible for the good condition and safe operation of thermal power plants

184. What nominal diameter should have shut-off valves of fittings installed at the lowest points of water and condensate pipelines?

Not less than 25 mm

185. With what frequency should re-instruction on labor safety be carried out for personnel serving thermal power plants?

At least once every six months

186. What is not allowed to be done to prevent spontaneous combustion of coal?

To prevent spontaneous combustion of a stone, all of the above prohibitions must be observed

187. What information is not indicated on the safety valve plate?

Commissioning date

188. With what frequency should technical inspections be carried out with verification of the effectiveness of electrochemical protection installations of heating networks?

Once every 6 months

189. What are the requirements for pipelines laid in basements and other unheated rooms?

They must be equipped with thermal insulation

190. What is the minimum duration of duplication after knowledge testing is established for operational managers of thermal power plants?

191. How often should bunkers be completely emptied for inspection and cleaning when using wet fuel?

On schedule, but at least once every 10 days

192. Who gives an indication of commissioning after installation or reconstruction of technological protections acting on equipment shutdown?

Responsible for the good condition and safe operation of thermal power plants

193. Is it possible to use shut-off valves as control valves?

3.Not allowed under any circumstances

194. What is the frequency and timing of the current repair of heat consumption systems?

At least once a year (in summer), must end no later than 15 days before the start of the heating season

From ten thousand to twenty thousand rubles or administrative suspension of activities for up to ninety days

195. In what case the responsibility for the good condition and safe operation of thermal power plants can be assigned to an employee who does not have a thermal power education?

When heat energy is consumed only for heating, ventilation and hot water supply

196. In what case is it allowed to use non-metallic pipes for pipelines of heating networks and heat points?

At a water temperature of 115 ° C and below at a pressure of up to 1.6 MPa inclusive

197. How often is it necessary to clean the outer surfaces of heating devices from dust and dirt?

At least once a week

198. Who carries out maintenance and repair of measuring instruments for heat engineering parameters of thermal power plants?

The personnel of the subdivision performing the functions of the metrological service of the organization

199. Who issues permission to turn on or off heat points and heat consumption systems?

The dispatcher of the power supply organization

200. Which thermal power plants are not covered by the Rules of technical operation of thermal power plants?

For thermal power plants of thermal power plants

201. Who approves the procedure for organizing and conducting rounds and inspections of workplaces?

4. Head of the organization

202. What heating system is equipped with devices for automatic regulation of heat energy and heat carrier consumption?

System with an estimated heat consumption for space heating of 50 kW or more

203. In what case is an extraordinary inspection of thermal power plants carried out?

In any of the following cases

204. With what frequency are current inspections of buildings and structures with a service life of up to 15 years carried out for boiler houses with an installed capacity of less than 10 Gcal / hour?

Allowed once a year

205. What surface should the platforms for drainage equipment have?

They must have a concrete surface

206. When are tests of air heating and supply ventilation systems carried out to determine the efficiency of the installations and their compliance with the passport and design data?

Before commissioning after installation, reconstruction, as well as during operation when the microclimate deteriorates, but at least once every 2 years

207. In what case the organization organizes round-the-clock dispatch control?

When operating heat supply and heat consumption systems with a capacity of 10 Gcal / hour or more, as well as if the organization carries out production activities for the production, transmission

MINISTRY OF ENERGY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Registered with the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation

On approval of the rules for the technical operation of thermal power plants

I order:

1. To approve the Rules for the technical operation of thermal power plants.

2. Enact the Rules for the technical operation of thermal power plants from October 1, 2003.

I.KH. YUSUFOV

Approved

By order of the Ministry of Energy

Rules for the technical operation of thermal power plants

UDC 658.264 (083)

AGREED

Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia

No. BK-03-35 / 288 dated 30.09.02

AGREED

Gosstroy of Russia

No. LCh-7 385/12 dated 09.12.02

Mandatory for all Consumers of thermal energy, regardless of their departmental affiliation and forms of ownership

Compiled by:

Gosenergonadzor: Belousov V.N., Ryabinkin V.N., Apartsev B.M., Pashkovsky Yu.M., Dobryakov A.A., Kaganov B.A., Kaganov A.B., Meshalkin V.N., Ryabov A. G., Smirnov N.S., Kuzmin V.P., Raskoshny V.I., Papanova I.D., Mashkov A.A.

ZAO Roskommunenergo: GM Skolnik, AS Tolmasov

Technical editor: Ph.D. Izvekov A.V.

These Rules for the technical operation of thermal power plants (hereinafter - the Rules) establish the basic organizational and technical requirements for the operation of thermal power plants, the implementation of which ensures their good condition, safe operation, as well as reliable and economical operation.

The rules apply to design, construction, installation, repair and commissioning and operation of thermal power plants.

The rules do not cancel the effect of the Rules of Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia in terms of the design of thermal power plants and their safe operation and do not contradict them.

The rules come into effect from 01.10.03. At the same time, the "Rules for the operation of heat-consuming installations and consumer heating networks", 3rd edition, are recognized as invalid in the territory of the Russian Federation.

The current and issued departmental regulatory and technical documents for the operation of thermal power plants must be brought in line with these Rules.

Suggestions and comments on these Rules should be sent to the Gosenergonadzor of the Ministry of Energy of Russia at: 103074, Moscow, Chinese passage, 7.

Hot water storage tank (BAGV)

A tank designed to store hot water in order to align the daily schedule of water consumption in heating systems, as well as to create and store a supply of make-up water at heat sources

Water heater

A device under a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure, used to heat water with steam, hot water or other heat carrier

dimensions

Height, width and depth of installation with insulation and cladding, and with reinforcement or support elements, but excluding protruding devices, sampling pipes, impulse pipes, etc.

Boiler boundaries (limits) along the steam-water path

Shut-off devices: feed, safety, drainage and other valves, valves and gates that separate the internal cavities of the boiler elements from the pipelines connected to them. In the absence of shut-off devices, the first flanged or welded joints from the boiler should be considered outside the boiler.

Test pressure

Excessive pressure at which a hydraulic test of thermal power plants and networks for strength and density should be performed

Pressure allowed

Maximum allowable, overpressure, established according to the results of technical examination or control calculation for strength

Working pressure

Maximum overpressure at the inlet to a thermal power plant or its element, determined by the operating pressure of pipelines, taking into account resistance and hydrostatic pressure

Closed heating system

Water heat supply system, which does not provide for the use of network water by consumers by taking it from the heating network

Individual heating point

Heat point intended for connection of heat consumption systems of one building or its part

Source of thermal energy (heat)

A heat-generating power plant or their combination, in which the heat carrier is heated by transferring the heat of the burned fuel, as well as by electric heating or by other, including non-traditional methods, participating in heat supply to consumers

Conservation

A set of measures to ensure the storage period or temporary inactivity of thermal power plants and networks (equipment, spare parts, materials, etc.) determined by the technical documentation by protecting them from corrosion, mechanical and other human and environmental influences

Hot water boiler

A device in which fuel is burned in the furnace, and the heat of combustion is used to heat water that is under pressure above atmospheric and used as a heat carrier outside this device

Steam boiler

A device in which fuel is burned in the furnace, and the heat of combustion is used to produce water vapor with a pressure above atmospheric pressure, used outside of this device

Waste heat boiler

A device used to heat the coolant with fuel combustion products spent in another device

Boiler room

A complex of technologically connected thermal power plants located in separate industrial buildings, built-in, attached or built-in premises with boilers, water heaters (including installations of an unconventional method of generating heat energy) and boiler-auxiliary equipment, designed to generate heat

Open water heating system

Water heating system, in which all or part of the network water is used by taking it from the heating network to meet the needs of consumers in hot water

Energy efficiency indicator

The absolute or specific amount of consumption or loss of energy resources, established by state standards and (or) other regulatory technical documents

Safety valves

Devices that protect boilers, vessels, pipelines, etc. from an increase in pressure inside them above the established

Mains water

Specially prepared water, which is used in the water heating system as a heat carrier

Heat consumption system

A complex of thermal power plants with connecting pipelines and (or) heating networks, which are designed to satisfy one or several types of heat load

Heating system

A set of interconnected heat sources, heating networks and heat consumption systems

Rules for the technical operation of thermal power plants

General requirements

9.1. Technical solutions, production of construction and assembly
work on heat consumption systems, as well as automation equipment
heat-consuming power plants must meet the requirements
applicable rules, regulations, instructions and standards.
9.2. The following are installed on heat-consuming power plants:
- shut-off valves on the heating inlet and outlet lines and
heated medium;
- sight and water-indicating glasses in cases where it should
monitor the level or condition of a liquid or mass
in a power plant;
- devices for sampling and removal of air, gases,
technological products and condensate;
- safety valves in accordance with regulations
Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia;
- manometers and thermometers for measuring pressure and temperature
heat carrier, heating and heated medium;
- control and measuring devices in the amount necessary for
control over the mode of operation of installations and to determine the actual
specific consumption of heat energy for each type of produced
products;
- other devices and means of automatic regulation,
stipulated by the project documentation and current
regulatory and technical documents.
9.3. Connection of various heat consumption systems is made
through separate pipelines. Sequential inclusion of various
heat consumption systems are not allowed.
9.4. The pressure and temperature of the coolant supplied to
heat-consuming power plants must correspond to the values
the established technological regime. Parameter fluctuation limits
coolant are indicated in the operating instructions.
9.5. In cases where heat-consuming power plants
designed for parameters lower than those of the heat source,
automatic devices are provided to reduce the pressure and
temperatures, as well as appropriate safety devices.
9.6. Condensate drainage from a steam-using power plant
surface type is carried out through automatic
steam traps and other automatic devices.
Condensate traps should have bypass piping installed on
them shut-off valves.
9.7. When entering heat-consuming power plants of wet
steam, if necessary, separators are provided
(moisture separators).
9.8. Heat-consuming power plants operating under pressure,
are subjected to external and internal examinations, as well as tests for
strength and density in accordance with the requirements specified
Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia, these Rules and instructions for
exploitation.
Together with a heat-consuming power plant, tested
related fittings, pipelines and
auxiliary equipment.
9.9. The procedure and frequency of strength tests and
density of heat-consuming power plants or their parts,
designed to work under pressure or vacuum,
are established by the instruction manual, requirements
manufacturer or these Rules.
9.10. Extraordinary strength and density tests and
internal inspections of heat-consuming power plants are carried out
after major repairs or reconstruction, in case of inactivity
power plants for more than 6 months, as well as at the request of a person,
responsible for the operation of these power plants, or bodies
state energy supervision.
9.11. Heat-consuming power plants, in which the action
chemical environment causes a change in composition and deterioration of mechanical
properties of metal, as well as heat-consuming power plants with a strong
corrosive environment or wall temperature above 175 degrees. C should
undergo additional surveys in accordance with
manufacturer's instructions.
9.12. All external parts of heat-consuming power plants and
heat pipelines are insulated so that the surface temperature
thermal insulation did not exceed 45 degrees. C at ambient temperature
air 25 deg. C. In cases where local operating conditions
metal of heat-consuming power plants under insulation can
subject to destruction, thermal insulation must be removable.
9.13. Thermal insulation of heat-consuming power plants,
located outdoors (outside buildings), equipped with a protective
covering from atmospheric precipitation, wind.
9.14. Heat-consuming power plant, pipelines and
auxiliary equipment to it must be painted. Lucky or
paints must be resistant to vapors and gases released in
the room where this power plant is located.
9.15. The names and numbers are applied to the fittings according to
operational piping diagrams, direction indicators
steering wheels. Control valves are supplied with degree indicators
opening of the regulating body, and the shut-off valves - by pointers
"open" and "closed".
9.16. Coloring, inscriptions and designations on thermal power plants
and pipelines must comply with the design diagrams. When choosing
the main color of the painting, the size of the inscription and marking
shields must be guided by state standards.
9.17. Pipelines of aggressive, flammable, combustible,
explosive or harmful substances are sealed. In places
possible leaks (taps, valves, flange connections)
protective covers are installed, and if necessary, special
devices with the discharge of leakage products from them to a safe place.
9.18. At each heat-consuming power plant operating under
pressure, after installation and registration on a special plate
format 200 x 150 mm, the following data is applied:
- registration number;
- permitted pressure;
- the date (day, month and year) of the next internal inspection and
strength and density tests;
- there is no trained operating personnel;
- no passport;
- the period for the survey of the power plant has expired;
- safety devices are out of order;
- the pressure has risen above the permitted level and despite the measures,
taken by staff is not reduced;
- the pressure gauge is faulty and it is impossible to determine the pressure by other
devices;
- defective or incomplete fasteners of the covers and
hatches;
- safety devices and technological interlocks are faulty,
instrumentation and automation equipment;
- there are other violations requiring shutdown
heat-consuming power plants in accordance with the instructions for
operation and normative and technical documentation
manufacturers of thermal power plants.
9.19. A red line is drawn on the pressure gauge scale to indicate
the value of the allowed pressure. Instead of the red line, it is allowed
attach to the pressure gauge body a metal plate painted in
red color.
9.20. The pressure gauge is installed with a 3-way valve or a replacement
its device allowing periodic inspection
pressure gauge using a control.
If necessary, a pressure gauge, depending on the operating conditions and
the properties of the medium is supplied with a bellows tube or other devices,
protecting it from direct exposure to the environment and
temperature and ensuring its reliable operation.

9.1. Heat points

Technical requirements

9.1.1. Heat points provide for placement
equipment, fittings, control, management and automation devices,
through which it is carried out:
- transformation of the type of coolant or its parameters;
- control of coolant parameters;
- regulation of the heat carrier flow and its distribution over
heat consumption systems;
- shutdown of heat consumption systems;
- protection of local systems from emergency increase of parameters
coolant;
- filling and replenishment of heat consumption systems;
- accounting of heat flows and consumption of coolant and condensate;
- collection, cooling, return of condensate and control of its quality;
- heat accumulation;
- water treatment for hot water supply systems.
At the heat point, depending on its purpose and specific
conditions of connection of consumers, all
the listed functions or only a part of them.
9.1.2. The device of individual heating points is mandatory in
each building, regardless of the presence of a central heating point, with
this in individual heat points only those
functions that are necessary for connecting consumption systems
heat of this building and are not provided for in the central heating
paragraph.
9.1.3. With heat supply from external heat sources and the number
buildings more than one device of the central heating point is
compulsory.
With heat supply from own heat sources, equipment
heat point, as a rule, is located in the source room
(for example, a boiler room); constructions of detached central
heat points should be determined depending on the specific
heat supply conditions.
9.1.4. The equipment of the central heating point should
ensure the required parameters of the coolant (flow rate, pressure,
temperature), their control and regulation for all connected to
heat consumption systems. Connection of heat consumption systems
should be carried out with the maximum possible use of secondary
heat resources from other heat consumption systems. Refusal from
the use of recyclable heat must be motivated
a feasibility study.
9.1.5. A technical passport is drawn up for each heat point,
the recommended form is given in Appendix No. 6.
9.1.6. Connection of heat consumption systems is necessary
carry out taking into account the hydraulic mode of operation of heating networks
(piezometric graph) and temperature graph
coolant depending on the change in outdoor temperature
air.
9.1.7. Estimated water temperature in the supply pipelines
water heating networks after the central heating point at
connection of heating systems of buildings according to a dependent scheme should
taken equal to the design temperature of the water in the supply pipeline
heating networks to the central heating point, but not higher than 150 degrees.
FROM.
9.1.8. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems
must be connected to two-pipe water heating networks, as
as a rule, according to a dependent scheme.
According to an independent scheme, providing for the installation
water heaters, it is allowed to connect:
- heating systems for 12-storey buildings and higher (or more than 36 m);
- heating systems of buildings in open heat supply systems with
impossibility to ensure the required water quality.
9.1.9. Heating systems of buildings should be connected to heating
networks:
- directly with the coincidence of hydraulic and temperature
modes of the heating network and local system. Moreover, it is necessary
ensure non-boiling point of superheated water with dynamic and
static system modes;
- through the elevator, if necessary to lower the water temperature in
the heating system and the available head in front of the elevator, sufficient
for his work;
- through mixing pumps if necessary to reduce
the temperature of the water in the heating system and the available head,
insufficient for the operation of the elevator, as well as during the implementation
automatic regulation system.
9.1.10. As a rule, one elevator is connected to one
heating system. It is allowed to connect to one elevator
several heating systems with linking the hydraulic modes of these
systems.
9.1.11. If it is necessary to change the steam parameters,
reduction-cooling, reduction or
cooling units.
Placement of these devices, as well as installations for collection, cooling and
condensate return in central heating points or in
individual heating points should be provided on the basis of
technical and economic calculation depending on the number of consumers and
steam consumption with reduced parameters, the amount of returned
condensate, as well as the location of steam consumers on the territory
organizations.
9.1.12. In substations with collection, cooling and
condensate return measures are provided for the use
condensate heat by:
- condensate cooling in water heaters using
heated water for household or technological
hot water consumers;
- receiving steam for secondary boiling in expansion tanks with
using it for technological consumers of low steam
pressure.
9.1.13. With heat supply from one heating point
industrial or public building with different systems
consumption of heat, each of them should be connected at
independent pipelines from the distribution (supply) and
prefabricated (return) collectors. It is allowed to attach to one
common pipeline heat consumption systems operating at various
modes, remote from the substation for more than 200 m, with verification
operation of these systems at maximum and minimum costs and
coolant parameters.
9.1.14. The return pipe from ventilation systems is connected
in front of the stage I hot water heater.
In this case, if the pressure loss through the network water in
water heater of the 1st stage will exceed 50 kPa, water heater
equipped with a bypass pipeline (lintel), on which
a throttle orifice plate or control valve is installed,
designed so that the pressure loss in the water heater is not
exceeded the calculated value.
9.1.15. To steam heating networks, heat consumers can
join:
- according to the dependent scheme - with direct steam supply to the systems
heat consumption with or without changing steam parameters;
- according to an independent scheme - through steam-water heaters.
Use for hot water supply steam
bubble-type water heaters are not allowed.
9.1.16. In heat points, which may receive
contaminated condensate, quality control must be provided
condensate in each collection tank and on the drain lines. The ways
controls are established depending on the nature of pollution and
water treatment schemes at the heat source.
9.1.17. On pipelines of heating networks and condensate pipelines at
the need to absorb excess pressure should be installed
pressure regulators or orifice plates.
9.1.18. At heating points, water
horizontal sectional shell and tube or plate
water heaters or steam horizontal multi-pass
water heaters.
9.1.19. For hot water supply systems it is allowed to use
capacitive water heaters using them as
hot water storage tanks in hot water supply systems with
subject to the compliance of their capacity with the capacity required by calculation
storage tanks.
9.1.20. For water-to-water heaters, use
counter-flow scheme of coolant flows.
In horizontal sectional shell-and-tube water heaters
heating systems, heating water from the heating network must flow into
tubes; in water heaters of hot water supply systems - in
annular space.
In plate heat exchangers, the heated water must pass through
along the first and last plates.
In steam-to-water heaters, steam must enter the intertube
space.
Hot water supply systems must use
horizontal sectional shell-and-tube water heaters with brass
tubes, and capacitive - with brass or steel coils. For
plate heat exchangers, plates made of
stainless steel in accordance with applicable standards.
9.1.21. In front of the elevator on the supply pipe, it is recommended
provide a straight insert 0.25 m long on the flanges for replacement
nozzles. The diameter of the insert should be taken equal to the diameter of the pipeline.
9.1.22. On the supply pipeline when entering the heat point after
inlet valve and on the return pipeline in front of the outlet valve
along the course of the coolant, devices for
mechanical cleaning from suspended particles. If there are regulatory
devices and metering devices are allowed to install additional
cleaning.
9.1.23. In front of mechanical water meters, plate
water heaters and circulation pumps of the heating system,
connected according to an independent scheme, along the water flow follows
install devices for mechanical cleaning from suspended
particles.
9.1.24. Location and fastening of pipelines inside the thermal
item must not impede free movement
operating personnel and lifting and transport devices.
9.1.25. Shut-off valves are provided for:
- on all supply and return pipelines of heating networks at
their input and output from heat points;
- at the suction and discharge branch pipes of each pump;
- on the supply and discharge pipelines of each
water heater.
In other cases, the need to install shut-off valves
determined by the project. In this case, the number of valves per
pipelines are provided with the minimum necessary, providing
reliable and trouble-free operation. Installation of redundant shut-off
reinforcement is allowed upon justification.
9.1.26. As shut-off valves at the input of heating networks in
the heating point uses steel shut-off valves.
Use on drain, blow-off and drainage devices
fittings made of gray cast iron are not allowed.
When installing cast iron fittings in heat points
it is protected from bending stresses. In heat points
brass and bronze fittings are also allowed.
9.1.27. Use shut-off valves as control valves
allowed.
9.1.28. Placement of fittings, drainage devices, flanged and
threaded connections in the places where pipelines are laid above the door and
window openings, as well as above the gate is not allowed.
9.1.29. In underground, separate from buildings,
central heating points is provided at the input of pipelines
of the heating network, shut-off valves with an electric drive, regardless of
diameter of the pipeline.
9.1.30. For flushing and emptying heat consumption systems on
their return pipelines to shut-off valves (along the flow of the coolant)
the installation of a union with shut-off valves is provided. Diameter
the nozzle should be determined by calculation depending on the capacity and
required time to empty the systems.
9.1.31. The pipelines should provide for a device
fittings with shut-off valves:
- at the highest points of all pipelines - the nominal diameter is not
less than 15 mm for air release (air vents);
- at the lowest points of water and condensate pipelines, as well as on
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