Paper applications are a very common form of children's creativity. Most kids with interest and passion engage in this type of activity. Applique exercises develop fine motor skills of hands, color perception, fantasy, creative thinking.
Appliqué (from the Latin word applikatio - attachment) is one type of pictorial technique, based on cutting, overlaying various forms and fixing them on another material adopted on the background. The term “appliqué” includes ways of creating works of art from materials with different properties and texture, united by the similarity of the technique of execution. Each material has its own characteristics, which have a decisive influence on the technique of the application. For example, paper, straw, dried plants, bark, is attached to the form of various adhesives. Fabric, leather, fur, felt are usually sewn; poplar down overlaid on velvet paper. Application is the simplest and most accessible way to create artwork, while maintaining the realistic basis of the image itself. This makes it possible to widely use the application not only for design purposes (in the manufacture of visual aids, aids for various games, toys, flags, souvenirs for holiday dates, decorations for festive and other costumes, wall newspapers, stands, exhibitions, kindergarten rooms), but and the creation of paintings, murals, ornaments, etc.
The application appeared more than 2500 years ago. It was created by nomadic peoples, decorating with applique clothes, shoes, and housing. They performed their work of leather, fur and felt. In the Leningrad Hermitage there is a large felt carpet decorated with figures of goddesses and horsemen. There are items of horse harness, decorated with applique of leather and felt. All these items were found during excavations of mounds. Khanty, Mansi, Nanai, Evenki, Komi, Kazakhs, Kalmyks, Buryats use the appliqué to design a national costume, household items.
The application of fabric appeared much later. Clothes and household items were decorated with such an appliqué fabric by stitching pieces onto the background. Currently, this type of application is used in the design of children's and youth clothing, it is decorated with decorative panels, curtains, tapestries.
But the most "young" is considered to be paper application; it was developed only in the 16th century. This is a cutout of black paper silhouettes, plants, household items, animals, figures of people in a round dance. The “youngest” application of dried plants, straw, moss, etc. This is floristry.
Types of applications.
By type of execution there are two groups: flat and volumetric.
Flat application- this is the most simple application by execution. To do this, cut out the details of paper, fabric, leather and other materials and stick them on the background. And you can make such an application out of paper by cutting it off. The edges of such parts are uneven, giving the impression of fluffiness and roughness. This application is called mosaic. Pieces of paper can be cut and scissors. Paper mosaic can perform both contour and solid images.
BUT volume application creates some appearance of volume. According to the methods of manufacturing it is divided into four groups:
· Only separate parts of the application should be glued to the background, and the rest should be slightly bent;
· Cut the same part several times and glue in two or three planes;
· Take some volumetric detail (for example, a box for a birdhouse, cotton wool for snow) and glue it onto the background;
· The parts of the application are made of crumpled or corrugated paper (crown of the tree, the core of the flower) to show the volume of the game material.
Subject application - This is the most simple application. It is used in the manufacture of simple images: trees, leaves, flowers, butterflies, vases, dolls, people, vegetables, berries, animals.
Story (thematic) application more complex, consisting of several objects in motion. These applications are often used to illustrate literary works: fairy tales, fables, poems, short stories. Most often, such applications are multicolored, but can be made from the same color.
Ornamental application used to decorate clothes, carpets, albums, bookmarks. To do this, make an ornament representing the alternation of geometric, plant or other forms. It can be composed of both identical and mixed parts. It is also possible to use simultaneously in the ornament geometric figuresand vegetable forms.
Silk appliqué - an interesting type of application work. He draws to his original image. The work uses contrast. For the manufacture of parts using black paper, sticking it on a white background, and vice versa - the white parts are glued on a black background.
Font application used at registration. Beautiful letters of colored paper make out the headlines, the names of posters, manuals.
There are applications of paper and manufacturing technology.
Sequence of applications.
Work on the application is carried out in a certain sequence, which must always be remembered and which should always be followed. Any application begins:
· With the choice of plot, followed by
· Drawing up a sketch for the application,
· Paper selection
· Cutting out image details
· Unfolding them in the background,
· Sticking,
Lesson in 5th grade.
Theme:»
The objectives of the lesson:
I. To acquaint with the history of the application, the technical conditions and techniques of performing the invoice application, to teach how to perform the application;
Teach children to select drawings in color, cut out the details of the application, perform simple landscapes.
Ii. Develop an understanding of the relationship of the practical use of the product, its shape, material and color with the decoration; spatial, design thinking, coordination of hand movements when cutting and executing an application, understanding the need for decorative processing of the objects and images of the real world depicted in the sketch.
Iii. Improve in children the ability of the aesthetic perception of arts and crafts.
To educate. strict implementation of the rules safe work during the work with a knife, scissors, a grinding skin.
Visual aids:tables with figures, finishing materials, samples of types of finishing: applications, sketches of patterns;
Equipment and tools: laptop, scissors, needles, one-color fabric, pattern for appliqués, natural material, finishing tape, glue.
Tasks in the classroom:
Activation of students in the task;
Show your creative abilities;
Learn to accurately and exactly cut out the details of the application.
Visual aids: samples of applications on products, visual aids, instruction manual for tasks, magazines.
Work methods: conversation, explanation, demonstration, practical work, self and mutual control. The repetition of the frontal and individually.
Interdisciplinary communication:
Russian language - the ability to use the terms.
Drawing - the correct selection of colors.
Technology- design, execution of work.
History - the ability to use information about color symbolism.
Mathematics - geometric shapes, calculations of parts, fabrics.
Type of lesson - combined (90 minutes).
During the classes.
1.Organization of the lesson. Greeting. Report of the attendant on the absentee, group readiness for the lesson Customize students for the lesson by drawing quotes written on the blackboard.
2.Message of the lesson topic:“The history of the application. Techniques for performing applications»
3. Actualization of supporting knowledge. Group work. (For each correct answer, the group receives a bonus. At the end of the lesson, bonuses are calculated. The group that receives the most bonuses receives the maximum grade for the theoretical material, the other students answer additional questions asked by the winners. The winners evaluate the answers.
Teacher: Self-made products have always been valued, appreciated and are likely to be appreciated compared to mass-produced industrial products, since handicrafts are a source of emotional spirituality.
Among the variety of types of arts and crafts (embroidery, weaving, knitting, painting, etc.) application deserves special attention.
You have already engaged in this type of work, the application comes from what materials?
From paper;
Natural material.
4. The formation of new skills.
Teacher:
The history of the application.
Application (from the Latin wordapplicatio - putting in) - One of the types of graphic techniques, based on cutting patterns, the imposition of various forms and fixing them on another material, taken as the background.
Application - The most simple and affordable way to create artwork, which retains the realistic basis of the image itself. This makes it possible to widely use the application not only for design purposes (in the manufacture of holiday souvenirs, design of stands, exhibitions, premises), but also in the creation of paintings, panels, ornaments, to decorate the household items around us, to decorate clothes, bags, belts and etc.
Laid on sewing exists for a long time. People decorate their clothes and other household items by putting various pieces of material — fabric, leather, fur — on them according to the pattern and fixing them with various hand stitches on the fabric.
Applications are divided: slide
To destination (decoration, renovation, repair)
According to materials - by type of fabrics used for its manufacture.
By the method of attachment (machine, manual, adhesive, removable).
In appearance (slit or bed, flat, convex).
By subject (ornamental, natural, fantasy).
Types of applications slide
application is:
simple slide
bulk slide
semi-volume slide
removable slide
multi-layered slide
Ways to secure the appliqué fabric slide
Elements of the application are fixed to the base:
With glue
With a needle
By sewing machine
Guys, where are the applications applied? Slide 9
The application is used to decorate the objects around us, such as cushions.
You can decorate with appliqués napkins, aprons, bright gloves, a hot-water bottle on a teapot, handbags, a hat,
Magnificent paintings serve as a home decoration
5. Application of acquired skills.
Practical independent work. Perform a simple application. Slide.
Performing practical work on instructional cards. Work in pairs.
The main stages of the application
Before proceeding with the application, it is necessary to properly organize the workplace, to draw students' attention to the observance of aesthetic requirements for the application
Recall Rules of safe work when working with a knife, scissors, sanding skin. Slide.
Current briefing. Point out mistakes that students can make while doing work, and help correct them.
6. Lesson Summary10 min
1 . Questions for repetition:
What is an application?
Translated from the Latin word application means “attachment”. Appliqué fabric - patchwork.
How to translate the pattern on the fabric?
Students are given the opportunity to evaluate their assignment.
Demonstration of products.
Teacher:
checks the timely start of work and organization of the workplace;
checks compliance with the technological sequence of work performance, compliance with the rules of safe work;
controls the quality of operations and timely warning of errors;
checks the use of self-control and mutual control;
takes work.
6. Consolidation by occupation.
What have you learned in class?
What have learned to perform?
Analysis of the works.
Showing the best applications, disassembling errors: the skewed parts of the application, inaccuracy.
Consideration of loss of working time.
Summing up and evaluation for practical work and theoretical answers.
7. Homework:
prepare additional information on the types of applications;
for a creative group: to perform the application: “A gift to mother” (assesses mother).
8. Cleaning of workplaces.
In our library of patterns in the subsection "Miscellaneous" there are also motifs in the technique of application. Therefore, we present to your attention the technology of the execution of applications and we hope that it will help you to make wonderful and high-quality products in this technique according to our and any other patterns.
The text for this article is taken from Teresa Dilmon’s book, Full Course in Women's Handicrafts, Moscow, Eksmo, 2004.
What are the applications
The essence of the application is that on the basis of one material pieces of another are attached. This method of making multi-colored products has been known since medieval times - at that time, a variety of materials that we can use today for embroidery by satin, simply did not exist yet.
In addition, the application refers to one of the varieties of Persian embroidery, which is essentially inherent to inlay. First, an extremely complex contour is cut into a pattern, which is then inserted into the cutouts made in the base materials and completely matching the shape and size of the overlay. Then both parts of the application are stitched, and then the seam is masked by one or more rows made with chain stitch. The tambour stitch, also made with threads of bright tones, further emphasizes the beauty and complexity of the inlaid pattern. Sometimes, instead of a seam, a braid woven from metal threads or a narrow gold or silver ribbon is applied to the junction. Other types of applications are that the application pattern is superimposed on the base material; sometimes it is glued to it with a special glue, "thermowell" or double-sided flizelin. Then the pattern is sheathed along the contour with a cord or with some artistic stitch in order to fasten both layers of the appliqué even more firmly. Gold and silver threads, glitter, lace, rhinestones and beads are used to enhance the effect and decoration of the product.
The appliqué can be made with a braid - in this case, instead of the patterns cut from the fabric, the product is sewn with a braid of various widths.
The application can be done both manually and on a sewing machine. However, whenever possible, such cases should be avoided when the capricious pattern is laid out from a straight tape - for an inexperienced needlewoman, such work can be a significant difficulty.
The process of attaching the appliqué and wrapping it with a braid or flat seam is absolutely the same when working manually and when working on a typewriter. The finished application, made on a typewriter, is not much different from the one that was made manually.
Fabrics
Application can be done on silk, velvet, brocade, linen and cotton, as well as synthetic fabrics, on natural and artificial leather. Since the application is a kind of embroidery replacement, then it should be selected materials that will look as impressive as possible. This effect can be further enhanced if different types of fabric are used for different parts of the pattern; This will be shown further in several examples.
Materials
As we have indicated above, most often different parts of the application are fastened together with a cord or braid, but you can also sew them along the contour with a flat seam.
The cord can be made independently, from the threads ideally suited to your pattern in color and texture (a little later the material about their manufacture will be displayed on this site), or purchased in a specialized store.
The finished cord can be made from a variety of materials. Of course, synthetic cords, both matte and shiny, are most widely distributed, but cotton cords and even cords made from linen and wool threads are also sold in handicraft shops. A wide assortment of gold and silver cords from metallized threads and gimp. For sewing the cord, you can use sewing silk, and for making a decorative seam - sewing and durable embroidery silk threads, embroidery viscose and other types of durable decorative threads. Silk, viscose and polyester yarns can also be used to make a flat seam with which the appliqué contours are sheathed.
Preparatory work
Before starting to work under the majority of fabrics used for application, it is necessary to make a substrate. For this purpose, is used, as a rule, flizelin. In former times, fibrous paper was glued to the seamy side with the help of starch paste.
Care must be taken to lay the fabric on the non-woven fabric smoothly and smoothly, without wrinkles and folds; in the process of smoothing the fabric to non-woven fabric between them should not occur air bubbles. If you are using double-sided non-woven fabric, make sure that the protective layer has not yet been removed from its second side - you will need it later. After stroking, allow the fabric to cool. Thanks to such a substrate for the application, even the thinnest fabrics can be used - flizelin will give them the necessary rigidity and prevent the edges from shedding while working.
Next, you need to put on the fabric used as the base, a full pattern of the future application. On the fabric, which you took as a false part, you need to describe only those parts of the picture that will be taken as an application. These parts are cut with very sharp scissors - we can not allow their edges to be jagged or tousled.
The base fabric, stretched on the frame or hoop, is then placed on the board or table so that only the fabric itself touches the surface, the hoop should be protruding upwards. After that, from the seamy side of the cut-out patterns, the protective layer of the second side of the non-woven fabric is removed, the patterns are superimposed on the intended place and glued or smoothed with an iron.
Before you start contouring the pattern of the appliqué, you should sew its edges to the base with individual stitching, which will then be hidden by the artistic outline.
The pattern of sewing stitches you see in the picture to the left.
Contouring
The cord, laid along the contour of the appliqué, is fastened along the edges of the pattern with invisible surface stitches - so that these stitches pass between the strands of the cord, or with the help of finishing sewing stitches made with bright-colored threads. In both cases, the cord must overlap the application sections sufficiently to hide them from the eyes and prevent them from shedding while using the product. If the edges of the appliqué crumble and break, then it is done carelessly. If the pattern is contoured by an artistic stitch, then the needle should extend to the surface of the fabric rather close to the cut, and the entire stitch should not be longer than 5 mm in length.
Alena Korneeva
A. Korneev, A.,
graphic educator activities
MBDOU « Kindergarten No. 13
chernushka, Perm Territory
Pictorial activity is of great importance in solving problems of aesthetic education, since by its nature it is artistic activities, in particular, application affects the full development and education preschooler.
Application knowingly became one of the most beloved types of arts and crafts, used in working with children. This is not only fascinating and entertaining for children, but also has a beneficial effect on the development of their mental and creative abilities.
Baby applications from colored paper, sometimes naive and simple, but, nevertheless, it is a very powerful tool that helps to develop the kid's fantasies and develop many skills and abilities. In addition, children get a lot of pleasure from sticking colored figures on paper or cardboard.
Initially, the child simply sticks to the paper the figures carved by adults, but time passes and now the child himself takes scissors in his hands and begins to create.
I believe that the main work with complex applique starts at older group . Children work with vertical, horizontal and diagonal lines, cut out symmetrical silhouettes, work with tape applique, breakaway, invoice, slotted.
In 2015, I began to develop sequence of semi-volumetric schemes(attachment). Scheme presented on different topics. For children such schemes are convenient for thosethat the child can open and close the part he needs until he understands what position the part should be in and where it is on the part to draw the contour. Someone from children can consider circuit just one minute, and he will understand how to work, and someone will need to come to scheme several timesto understand the principle (algorithm) action. These schemes are my helpers. After completing the application in the art class I pass schemes to group for independent work of children.
I want to show you the principle of working with diagrams on a specific example eg: application"Fruits". The photo shows that with one the scheme can perform several actions sequentially.
I also want to show the principle of work on another example: creating applications"Tree". Here it is necessary to make a slotted application and invoice. The child is clearly visible and understandable algorithm of actions on pattern.
On each i use the scheme small tips in the form of small schemes or arrows to make it easier for the child to navigate by pattern, and also, in the case, when child forgot application sequence.
Scheme I do simple and understandable for children. I try in one scheme show all the main actions. Also to pattern I put various options ready applications on this topic.
I suggest older preschool children age various options schemes:
Schemes I have developed quite a lot, I think that such self application schemes are required. Watching the children, I understand that I am not doing this in vain. In the classroom applications the children became more confident independentactive, neat and economical in paper use. Previously, many children had to control more. Now they have increased speed performance of workincreased volume work performed. I consider my great achievement that children began to offer their help to other children who have difficulties in their work.
I made a small discovery using the application execution sequence diagrams in organizing the independent activities of senior preschoolers, with which we and the children climbed a step higher in mastering preschool education.
Publications on the topic:
The use of technology TRIZ in the activities of preschool as a factor in the development of intellectual abilities of older preschoolers “THE USE OF TRIZ TECHNOLOGY IN DOE ACTIVITIES AS A FACTOR OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTELLECTUAL ABILITIES OF SENIOR PRESCHOOL CHILDREN” ABSTRACT Sagalbekov.
Consultation for educators "Formation of independent cognitive-gaming activities in senior preschoolers" It is known that independence is formed in preschool age in the process of mastering various activities. What is characterized.
Game for younger preschool age "Drum and Rattle" Objective: To develop the timbre perception (the sound of the drum and rattles). Equipment :.
Joint work activity in preparatory group a series