The most abundant world, with all its richness and diversity, lives behind laws that can be easily explained with the help of such sciences as physics and chemistry. And the basis of the vitality of such a complex organism as a human being lies nothing more than chemical substances and processes.
Make sure you apply it
An elementary butt - a kettle, put on fire. After about an hour, the water will warm up, then boil. We feel a characteristic hissing sound, from the neck of the teapot steam flows from the neck. There were no stars, even if there was nothing in the dish! Thus, when water reaches a certain temperature, it begins to transform into gas, changing its physical state from rare to gas-like. Tobto. She's lost all that water, only now she looks like she's steaming. Tse
And we can treat chemical substances by placing them in a strong tea bag. The water in the glass or other vessel will turn red-brown in color. There will be a chemical reaction: under the infusion of heat, the seagulls will begin to steam, seeing colorful pigments and the savory power of this plant. We have a new speech - a drink with specific, powerful and even clear characteristics. As soon as you add a few spoons of cinnamon, it will break down (physical reaction), and the tea will become sweet. Thus, physical and chemical substances are often connected and interdependent. For example, if you place the same tea bag in cold water, there will be no reaction, the seagulls and water do not interact, and the bug is also not likely to break.
Thus, chemical substances are the same, with some words being transformed into others (water into tea, water into syrup, firewood into ashes, etc.). Otherwise, a chemical phenomenon is called a chemical reaction.
Appearances are called physical for which chemical warehouse speech becomes unchanged, and body size, shape, etc. change. (A spring is deformed, water has frozen into ice, a piece of wood is completely broken).
Umovi viniknenya ta perebіgu
For those who are exposed to chemical and physical phenomena, we can judge by certain signs and changes that one should watch out for in one’s body and speech. Thus, most chemical reactions are accompanied by the following “recognition signs”:
- as a result, or when such a situation occurs, a siege occurs;
- There will be a change in the color of the speech;
- You may see gas, for example, fumes from the stove;
- There is a feeling of clay, however, a vision of warmth;
- It is possible to change the lighting.
Beware of chemical hazards, then. reactions were observed, necessary actions of the mind:
- reactive speeches are guilty of sticking together, being one after another in contact (then you need to pour the same tea leaves into a pot with dill);
- It is better to clarify the words, so that the reaction proceeds sooner, sooner there is interaction (the zuccor-sand will sooner disintegrate, dissolve in hot water, lower in pieces);
- In order for a variety of reactions to occur, it is necessary to change the temperature regime of the components that react, either cooling or heating them to a certain temperature.
You can be on the lookout for chemicals by following the route. And the axis can be described on paper using an additional chemical reaction.
Actions from these minds work to eliminate physical phenomena, such as temperature changes or direct contact of objects and bodies with each other. It is possible that if you hit a drop of a flower with a hammer, it may become deformed and lose its original shape. If you don’t do that, you’ll lose a drop of flower. Or, when the electric lamp is turned on, the tungsten filament in the middle of it starts to heat up and glow. However, if the thread is broken, it will lose a lot of tungsten.
A description of physical processes and phenomena is obtained through physical formulas, solving physical tasks.
I. New material
From the course of natural science and physics, you know that bodies and speeches undergo various changes.
First of all, let us teach you this lesson, I preach to you that the end of the task is coming, do not rush to testify, finish the task to the end.
Zavdannya:
Take a good look at the pictures and try the following food tips:
1. How can you spot the things that are shown in the pictures and pictures?
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№1 |
№2
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№3 |
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№4
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№5
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№6
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2. Give a name to the skin lesion. How do speeches take their fate from these things? What does it look like with the cutaneous speech in the area, what does it look like? Write down the work notes and fill out the following table:
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No. Name of the box |
Rechovina, who takes the fate of the phenomenon |
Change what they wake up with speech |
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№1,.. |
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… |
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№6,.. |
3. What kinds of phenomena create new speeches?
4. How and what signs can you tell when presenting an item?
Physical and chemical substances
While observing that caution, we are reminded that the speeches may change.
Change speeches that do not lead to the establishment of new speeches (with other authorities), called physical phenomena.
1. Water when heated, they can go to steam, and when cooled, they can at the ice .
2.Dovzhina of copper darts Inflow and outflow change: it increases when heated and changes when cooled.
3.About us The air in the cooler will increase in a warm place.
The waters were drained from the rivers, but the water was deprived of water, copper - midday, wind - back.
New speeches, regardless of their change, did not come to fruition.
ANALYZE DOSVID
1. Close the test tube with a stopper from the tube inserted into it
2. Lower the end of the tube to the bottle of water. We heat the test tube by hand. The volume of air in it increases, and part of the air from the test tube comes out of the flask with water (bulbs of air are visible).
3. When the test tube is cooled, the volume of water changes and water enters the test tube.
Visnovok. Change your duties again - it is a physical phenomenon.
Chemical phenomenon (reaction) – appearance, when New speeches are being established.
And what signs can be used to determine what happened?chemical reaction ? For certain chemical reactions, a siege occurs. Other signs are a change in the color of the output speech, a change in taste, a change in gas, a change in heat and light.
Look at the table for examples of such reactions
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Signs of chemical reactions |
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Change the color of your speech |
Change of taste of the weekend speech |
Vipadannya siege |
Vision of gas |
The smell appears |
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REACTION |
Sign |
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ZMINA KOLYORU |
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ZMINA SMAKA |
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VISION OF GAS |
In living and inanimate nature, various chemical reactions constantly occur. Our body is also a functioning factory of chemical transformations of one thing into another.
Beware of any chemical reactions.
It is not possible to follow the fire on your own!
Dosvid 1
Place a piece of white bread over the fire to add organic ingredients.
Please note:
1. Warming, to change the color;
2. Odor appears.
Visnovok . A chemical phenomenon has emerged (a new speech has emerged - vugilla)
Dosvid 2
Prepared a bottle of starch. Add a little water and stir. Then it drips Rozchinom iodine.
Please note:
1. Reaction sign: change in color (blue starch)
Visnovok. A chemical reaction occurred. Krokhmal transformed into a different speech.
Dosvid 3
1. A small amount of baking soda is prepared in the bottle.
2. Dodamo tudi krapel otstu (you can take lemon juice or a dash of citric acid).
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1. Seeing gas bulbs.
Visnovok. The appearance of gas is one of the signs of a chemical reaction.
All chemical reactions are accompanied by heat.
Let's summarize the pouches
1. Speeches can share the fate of physical and chemical phenomena
2. The constant characteristics of physical and chemical substances are represented by interactive animation
3. The importance of physical and chemical substances
В· In physical phenomena, the speech molecules do not collapse, the speech is preserved.
B· In chemical reactions, the molecules of speech disintegrate into atoms, and from the atoms molecules of a new speech are created.
Signschemicalreaction
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Change of color |
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Vipadannya or breaking the siege |
call chemical reactions that occur in more than one direction (" evil to the right"), as a result of which the output words are transformed into reaction products. Such chemical processes are said to proceed “to the end”. goren's reactions, as well as reactions that accompany the creation of low-grade or gas-like substances Werewolves are called chemical reactions that occur simultaneously in two directions (“left to right” and “right to left”). In the case of such reactions, the sign of equality is replaced by two straight arrows. straight( flows “from left to right”) and gateway(It flows “from right to left”). During the reverse reaction, the waste products are immediately consumed and eliminated; they are not directly converted into reaction products. That's why we say about the werewolf reactions that the stench does not last until the end. As a result, a mix of outputs and products of interaction is created. 6. Depending on the participation of catalysts, chemical reactions are divided into catalyticі non-catalytic Catalytic 2SO 2 + O 2 → 2SO 3 (catalyst V 2 O 5) are reactions that occur in the presence of catalysts. This type of reaction is closely related to the reaction of layout and execution. Non-catalytic 2NO + O2 = 2NO 2 are called a variety of reactions that occur in the presence of catalysts. This, for example, is an exchange reaction and substitution. Things in which some words are transformed into others, as issued by warehouses and authorities, are called chemical. Applications: oxidation of wood, fire, rust, and others. Chemical substances - chemical reactions, chemical reactions, chemical interactions. Appearances in which the form and physical state of speech change are called physical. Applications: boiling, melting, evaporation, freezing, heat, light and others. Chemical phenomena are always accompanied by physical ones. Apply: when magnesium burns, warmth and light are visible; In the galvanic element, as a result of chemical reactions, an electric current arises. A chemical substance is a chemically individual substance that is formed from the atoms of one or different elements. Use: kisen, berthollet's salt, zinc, sirka and etc. Sumish is a bunch of chemical compounds mixed one after another. Butt: paint, metal alloys, Morska water ta in. Mechanical mixing and chemical mixing result from such basic functions. When prepared, mechanical storage bags can be taken in any number of circumstances. When the chemicals are removed, the weekend speeches are taken from the singers. When mechanically mixing speeches, as a rule, there is no need to prevent visible or lost energy. Chemical reactions are accompanied by thermal effects. The individual powers of speech, which become a mechanical sum, are preserved, the fragments of the warehouse in the sum are chemically immutable. With chemical reactions, the authorities of the outgoing speeches are not saved, and as a result of their interaction, new speeches are created with new authorities. Sumish, in the form of a chemical substance, can be divided into warehouses, vikoristic departments in their physical authorities. Application 1 When the chlorohydronic acid was dissolved, a mixture of sulfide and a mass of 6.4 g resulted in 1.79 l (no.) of the mixture of gases. Determine the mass fraction (%) of the product. Given: t(sumishi) - 6.4 g K(gases) = 1.79 l Know: tt»(Fe) at sumishi Solution: 1) Record the reaction equation: Fe + 2HCl = FeCl2 + H2t, FeS + 2HC1 = FeCl2 + H2Sf. 2) Virazimo masu Fe in sumishi through x g, and obsyag H2, which was seen - at l. The amount of FeS is higher (6.4 - x) g, and the volume of H2S is (1.79 - y) l. For the first reaction we know: 1 mol Fe - 1 mol H2 x y - mol Fe - ---" mol H9 56 22.4 2 22.4-L: y---ivG"v 4) For the other reaction known: 1 mol FeS - 1 mol H2S 6.4-x _ 1.79 - y --- mol FeS - 22 4 mol H2S (6.4 - x) 22.4 « 88 (1.79 - 22 ^ * ). 5) The percentage by weight (%) of Fe in the sum: w(Fe) = -Т-7-" 100% = 17.34%. 6.4 V; u> (Fe) = 17.34%. Example 2 When In normal washings, 20 liters of gas mixture, which consists of nitrogen and acidity, make a mass of 28 g. Find out the volume of gases in the mixture Given: /p(sumish) = 28 g K(summish) = 20 l Know: K(N2) і V( 02) Solution: 1) It is significant that F(N2) is summed through x l, then U(02) will be (20 - x) l. 2) It is known how many words N2 and 02 are, and then their masses: x 20 (N2) = ~2M M°L; V(2) ~ 22.4 M°L; Behind the wash, the mass of gases reaches 28 g, then: 28-x 32(20-*) +-~gt-:- = 28, x = 3.2 l 22.4 22.4 Thus, you can contain 3.2 l N2 and 16.8 l 02. Type: K (K2) = 3.2 l; G (02) = 16, 8 liters of water and methane, since the thickness of water is equal to 5. Given: Day2=5 Know: w(H2) and c>(CH4) Solution: 1) Significantly w(tl2) through x%, and w(CH4) - ( 100 - x)%. 2) The molecular weight of the sum is known: M = M(H2) £>n2, M = 2-5 = 10. 3) The variable mass fraction of gases in the molecular mass is sum: „, 2 x _ 16 (100 - x) ^> = -100-" "W"-ioo-" 100 100 So, the gas sum is 42.85% H2 and 57 .15% CH4. Type: i>(H2) - 42.85%; w(CH4) = 57.15%. Power supply for independent development 1. Point the butts of five physical objects. Indicate the signs with which you will bring things to the physical. 2. Point the butts of five chemical containers. Indicate the signs that you will use to bring the items to chemicals. 3. Before any phenomena (physical or chemical) you should bring the following measures: a) with mountain vugilla; b) concentrated hydrochloric acid on the surface; c) when exposed to steam of hydrochloric acid and ammonia? 4. What substances (physical and chemical) can be seen in the transformation of some alotropic modifications of elements into others: sour into ozone, white phosphorus into blue, rhombic sulfur into monoclinic etc.? 5. When are physical and chemical phenomena revealed separately? Point out the butts of the items that appear instantly. 6. Before any substances (physical or chemical) it is necessary to: a) prepare the powder from the credentials; b) hot syrup; c) seeing gas for treating baking soda with acid; d) sublimation of solid iodine. 7. What is so crazy and chemical about it? 8. Yaks Administrative signs Do you know crazy and chemical effects? 9. Write next to the names of chemical substances and substances that are less overdose: salt, soil, nitrogen, wind, river water , milk, zinc, granite, marmur, argon. 10. Before pure speeches (as opposed to madness) one can hear: a) copper sulfate; b) sea water; in the wind; d) Bertoletova sil. 11. Before sumisha (at the level of pure speeches) put: a) hydrochloric acid; b) gashene vapno; c) chlorine water; d) nutritious water. 12. Name at a glance some crazy speeches that can be subdivided into: a) in the future; b) filtering; c) viparyuvannyam; d) vikory and magnetic power. 13. Draw a diagram under: a fine mixture of zinc powder and sulfur; salt and kitchen salt; healthy and copper thyrsion; oil with water; river sand, tsukru and wood vugill. 14. Through a hole to mix 5 g of sodium hydroxide, 6.6 liters of pure water were passed through. What kind of violence happened in front of whom? Example: 7 g NaHS. 15. What kind of chlorine must be taken to obtain 53.4 g of aluminum chloride? Type: 13.45 l. 16. How did the mixture react with bromine and potassium iodide, so that 12.7 g of iodine was dissolved? Version: 8 g. 17. Soak the mixture with calcium fluoride, which is used to maintain 26.88 liters of fluoride water (no.). Version: 46.8 g. 18. Calculate how much mercury (I) oxide is released when 224 liters of sour are dissolved? Version: 4320 19. Exfoliate the oatmeal (n.a.), extracted during thermal expansion of sodium nitrate in a mass of 34 kg. Type: 4.48 m3. 20. Dissolve the mixtures of soda and calcium chloride required to contain 0.5 kg of calcium carbonate? Example: 530 g Na2C03; 555 g CaC12. 21. What kind of speech and in what quantity will be lost too much after mixing the divisions, to mix 34 g of nitrate and 31.8 g of calcium chloride? Example: 20.7 g CaC12.. 22. Cover the mixture with carbon (IV) oxide (n.a.) when you lay out 0.25 kg of marmur and mix it with 96% calcium carbonate. Type: 53.8 l. 23. When 22.3 g of malachite was laid out, 2.24 liters of carbon dioxide (n.c.) were seen. Consider the purity of malachite. Verification: 99.1%. 24. When 6 g of anthracite was spat, 106 l of carbon (IV) oxide (no.) was obtained. Select the mass part of coal in anthracite. Confirmation: 94.6%. 25. A zinc plate weighing 3.5 g is embedded in crushed nitrate to contain 17 g of salt. Find out the amount of payment after the reaction has completed. Type: 11.05 g. 26. Frying product 1.3 g of natural calcium carbonate was dissolved in excess hydrochloric acid. Take the mass part of calcium carbonate in a natural mineral, such as crystalline hydrate of calcium chloride, which, when cured, has a mass of 1.29 g. Vіdpovid: 76.9%. 27. 2.8 g of sumsha carbon and sourdough was burned in sour, boiled with 47.4 g of potassium permanganate. Determine the mass fraction of the syrup from the output amount. Vіdpovid: 57.1%. 28. When 5.1 g of aluminum and magnesium alloy were sampled with hydrochloric acid, 5.6 liters of water were obtained. Determine the mass fraction (%) Mg of the alloy. Vіdpovid: 47.05%. 29. For normal minds, a gas bag with a volume of 12 liters, which consists of ammonia and carbon oxide (IV), has a mass of 18 g. How many liters of skin fluid from these gases are contained in the bag? Example: 4.62 l NH3 and 7.38 l C02. 30. Calculate the volume fraction (%) of the gas mixture that is formed from carbon oxides (II, IV), which makes the thickness of water 19.6. Vіdpovid 30%; 70% CO2. 31. Calculate the mass fraction (%) of dolomite CaC03 MgCO^ in ore, which, when 10 g is laid out, reveals 0.96 l of carbon (IV) oxide (n.s.). Vіdpovid: 39.4%. 32. For dolomite mass, which contains 8% of the house, it is necessary to take 56 m3 of carbon (IV) oxide (n.a.) to obtain it? Type: 250 kg. 33. When 1.6 g of ZnO and ZnC03 mixture are fried, 1.248 g of zinc oxide are removed. What kind of money warehouse? Version: 37.5% ZnO. 34. What part by weight (%) of chlorine is contained in the mixture that consists of 2 g of sodium chloride and 2 g of ammonium chloride? Vіdpovid: 63.5%. 35. What is the amount of calcium and calcium oxide in a mass of 10 g. What kind of skin mass is obtained from the mixture, which when reacting 2 g with water resulted in 224 ml of water? Version: 2g Ca, 8g CaO. 36. At the hour of processing too much potassium hydroxide, 5.85 g of mixed aluminum with its oxide produced 1.26 liters of gas (no.). Determine the mass fraction of aluminum. Vіdpovid: 17.3%. 37. To convert 1 g of potassium carbonate and potassium hydroxide into potassium chloride, 0.626 g of water chloride was consumed. How many grams of potassium hydroxide did the sum have? Evidence: 0.8 g. 38. When 6.9 g of zinc-aluminum alloy was dissolved in sulfuric acid, 2688 liters of water were obtained. Use the alloy instead of zinc. Verification: 94.8%. 39. Mix the volume of carbon dioxide (II) and acidity to 100 ml. After sprinkling the carbon oxide with the acidic acid that is in the bag, the amount was changed to 30 ml. Find the bulk warehouse of the output sum. Type: 60%; 40% 02. 40. Before the addition of 2.404 g of the sum of salts CuS04 5H20 and FeS04 7H20 added excess strength to barium chloride. The price of the removed siege was 2,172 rubles. See the weekend bag warehouse. Example: 67.4% CuS04-5H20 and 32.6% FeS04-7H20. 41. What volume of fire is required for complete combustion of 1 m3 of gas mixture, which contains a volume storage of 20% H2, 30% CH4 and 50%? The volume of the acidity part becomes 20.95%. Version: 4.53 m3. 42. Calculate the mass fraction (%) of sodium chloride from the mixture of sodium and potassium chlorides, since 0.325 g of this mixture, when reacted with nitrate, created 0.7175 g of precipitate. Vіdpovid: 53.5%.
I guarantee that you have noticed more than once how my mother’s ring gets dark with time. Or like rusty flowers. Because the wooded fields burn to ashes. Well, obviously, since my mother doesn’t like silver, and you haven’t gone on hikes at all, you definitely boiled the tea bag in the cup.
What's so good about all these butts? And those who stink all the way to the chemical containers.
A chemical phenomenon emerges when one speech is transformed into another: new speeches have a different mentality and new powers. If you are a physicist, remember that chemical compounds are formed on the molecular and atomic level, and do not interfere with the storage of atomic nuclei.
From the point of view of chemistry, it is nothing more than a chemical reaction. And for the skin chemical reaction of the skin, you can see characteristic signs:
- the course of the reaction may lead to siege;
- The color of the speech may change;
- After the reaction has progressed, gas may become visible;
- warmth may be seen or lost;
- The reaction may also be accompanied by the presence of light.
A list of brains necessary for a chemical reaction to occur has long been established:
- contact: In order to react, the guilty speeches will stick.
- details: to successfully overcome the reaction, which includes before it the speech of the guilty party, which will be more detailed, the ideal option is dissolution;
- temperature: Many reactions must depend on the temperature of the liquids (most often they need to be heated, or otherwise – cooled to the desired temperature).
By writing down the chemical reaction in letters and numbers, you will describe the essence of the chemical substance. And the law of conservation of mass is one of the most important rules when compiling such descriptions.
Chemical phenomena in nature
You, of course, understand that chemistry is learned only in test tubes in a school laboratory. The most harmful chemical agents you can find in nature. And the significance of them is so great that there would be no life on earth except from natural chemical substances.
Hey, let's talk about it first photosynthesis. This is the process, at the hour when the trees grow clay carbon dioxide The mushy vibrates from the atmosphere and under the influx of dormouse light. Tsim kisnem mi y dihaemo.
In general, photosynthesis occurs in two phases, and only one phase is required for lightening. In recent years, research has been carried out and it was found that photosynthesis occurs under weak light conditions. If the light intensity increases, the process will definitely slow down. It was also noted that as soon as the lightening of the plant increases and the temperature increases, the fluidity of photosynthesis increases even more. It appears that this is until the singing limit, after reaching any further increase in lightening, it stops speeding up photosynthesis.
The process of photosynthesis involves photons, which are produced by the sun, and special pigment molecules called chlorophyll. In plants, plants contain chloroplasts, which are why the leaves themselves are green.
From the point of view of chemistry, during photosynthesis there is a small reaction, which results in sourness, water and carbohydrates as an energy reserve.
It was initially believed that the sourness was cured as a result of the breakdown of carbon dioxide. However, Cornelius Van Niel later realized that sourness is created as a result of photolysis of water. Later studies confirmed this hypothesis.
The essence of photosynthesis can be described using the following equation: 6CO 2 + 12H 2 O + light = C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 + 6H 2 O.
Dikhannya, our number is with you, – This is also a chemical phenomenon. We inhale kisen vibrated by algae, and see carbon dioxide.
It is not without carbon dioxide that it is created as a result of death. In this process, there seems to be a great amount of energy in the process, and this method of containment is very effective.
In addition, the intermediate result of various stages of breathing is a large number of different consequences. And it is the basis for the synthesis of amino acids, proteins, vitamins, fats and fatty acids.
The process is complex and divided into several stages. In the skin there is a large number of enzymes, which play the role of catalysts. The pattern of chemical reactions of food is practically the same in animals that grow and grow in bacteria.
From the point of view of chemical chemistry, it is a process of oxidation of carbohydrates (as an option: proteins, fats) through additional acidity, as a result of the reaction water, carbon dioxide and energy are released, which cells store in ATP: C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 = CO 2 + 6H 2 Pro + 2.87 * 10 6 J.
Before the speech, we were told that chemical reactions can be accompanied by changes in light. In order to avoid diversion and accompanying chemical reactions, the procedure is correct. Several microorganisms can glow (luminesce). However, the energy efficiency decreases.
Gorinnya You will also have to wait for the fate of the sour. As a result, wood (and other hard wood) turns into ash, and this material has a completely different structure and power. In addition, the furnace process produces a large amount of heat and light, as well as gas.
Burn, of course, like the hard words, just with help it was easier to point the butt at once.
From a chemical point of view, the mountain is an oxidation reaction that proceeds quickly. And even a very high speed reaction may result in a vibration.
Schematically, the reaction can be written as follows: speech + 2 → oxides + energy.
We see it as a natural chemical phenomenon rotting.
In essence, the same process as the furnace, only proceeds more richly. Rotting is the interaction of nitrogen-rich compounds with acidity through microorganisms. The presence of moisture is one of the factors that hides culprit rot.
As a result of chemical reactions, ammonia, fatty acids, carbonic acid, hydroxy acids, alcohols, amino acids, skatole, indole, sulfuric acid, and mercaptans are formed from the protein. Part of the creations as a result of the rotting of nitrogen-bearing semiconductors was destroyed.
As I return to our list of signs of a chemical reaction, a lot of them are visible in this case. Zocrema is an output substance, a reagent, and reaction products. Z characteristic sign Significantly seeing warmth, gases (strong smell), change in color.
For the cycle of waste in nature, rot is of even great importance: it allows the proteins of dead organisms to be processed into semiconductors, suitable for assimilation by plants. And the beginning begins.
Supposedly, you noted how a snail easily chokes after a thunderstorm. And when you wake up, it becomes especially fresh and develops a characteristic smell. Right after the summer thunderstorm, you can be on the lookout for another widespread chemical phenomenon in nature. ozone exposure.
Ozone (O 3) in pure form is a blue-colored gas. In nature, the maximum concentration of ozone is in the upper spheres of the atmosphere. There, the role of the shield of our planet plays out. Which protects it from solar radiation from space and does not allow it to reach the Earth, until it is destroyed by infrared radiation.
In nature, ozone is created by the influence of ultraviolet radiation from the Sun (3O 2 + UV light → 2O 3). And also during electrical discharges of flashlights during the hour of a thunderstorm.
During a thunderstorm, under the influx of sparkles, some of the acid molecules break up into atoms, the molecular and atomic acid are united and created 3.
That’s why we feel especially fresh after a thunderstorm, we can breathe easier, and the wind seems clearer. On the right is that ozone is a very strong oxidizer, lower acidity. And in low concentrations (as after a thunderstorm) safe. And the light is brown, and the fragments are laid out in the wind. Essentially disinfects it.
However, in high doses, ozone is even more dangerous for people, animals and plants, and is harmful for them.
Before speaking, the disinfecting power of the laboratory-derived ozone is widely used for the ozonation of water, the elimination of dog baths, in medicine and cosmetology.
It is clear that this is not an exhaustive list of amazing chemical phenomena in nature, which makes life on the planet so varied and beautiful. You can learn more about them by carefully looking at all sides and keeping your ears open. There are so many wondrous phenomena that only people are waiting for you to become obsessed with them.
Chemical hazards in everyday life
They convey things that can be observed in everyday life everyday people. Some of them are quite simple and obvious, and you can use them in your kitchen: for example, making tea. Teapots heated with dill change their power, and as a result, the composition of the water changes: it acquires a different color, relish and power. Then a new speech will emerge.
If you add zukor to the same tea, as a result of a chemical reaction, a breakdown will appear, which will again contain a set of new characteristics. In front of us, new, sweet, savory.
Using the concentrated (concentrated) tea brew, you can do one more thing yourself: clarify the tea with a slice of lemon. Through acids that are present in lemon juice It’s time to change your warehouse again.
What other things can you look out for in your everyday life? For example, the process reaches chemical hazards the heat is burning near the engine.
To put it simply, the combustion reaction of the engine can be described as follows: sour + fire = water + carbon dioxide.
When internal combustion occurs in the engine chamber, a reaction occurs when the spark is ignited. And more precisely, it’s not just scorching, it’s scorching and it’s full of carbohydrates, sourness, and nitrogen. Before ignition, it shrinks and heats up.
Heated chaos arises within a few seconds, as a result of bonds between water and carbon atoms collapsing. Therefore, a great amount of energy is generated, which drives the piston, and the drive shaft.
Then the water and carbon atoms combine with the acid atoms, water and carbon dioxide are created.
Ideally, the reaction of full combustion of the fire may look like this: C n H 2n+2 + (1.5n+0,5) O 2 = nCO 2 + (n+1) H 2 O. In reality, the drivers of internal combustion are not that effective. It is acceptable that if no sour parts are released during the reaction, CO is created as a result of the reaction. And with a greater lack of sourness, soot is created (C).
Illumination of pouring on metals as a result of oxidation (rust on the vine, patina on the middle, darkening of the wood) - also from the category of household chemicals.
Let's take a zipper for the butt. Rustification (oxidation) occurs under the infusion of water (wind moisture, direct contact with water). The result of this process is the hydroxide of Fe 2 O 3 (more precisely, Fe 2 O 3 * H 2 O). You can see it looking like a fluffy, short, orange or red-brown coating on the surface of the metal sprouts.
Other buttstocks may have a greenish coating (patina) on the surface of the bronze. Wine settles within an hour under the influx of atmospheric acidity and moisture: 2Cu + O 2 + H 2 O + CO 2 = Cu 2 CO 5 H 2 (or CuCO 3 * Cu(OH) 2). As a result, the main carbonate of copper is found in nature – like the mineral malachite.
And another example of a strong oxide reaction to the metal in the waste washings is the creation of a dark layer of Ag 2 S scrap sulfide on the surface of scraps: decoration, tableware, etc.
“Responsibility” for your guilt is borne by parts of the sirka, which seems to be present in the wind, which we are dying with you. You can darken the cheese by contact with grub products, such as cheese (eggs, for example). The reaction looks like this: 4Ag + 2H 2 S + O 2 = 2Ag 2 S + 2H 2 O.
Let's go back to the kitchen. Here you can look at a number of other chemical displays: descaling the kettle one of them.
There is no chemically pure water in household drains, and it always contains varying concentrations of metal salts and other substances. If the water is infused with calcium and magnesium salts (hydrocarbonates), it is called hard. Depending on the concentration of salts, the water is hard.
When such water is heated, the salts are decomposed into carbon dioxide and minor sediment (CaCO 3 andMg3). You can see this solid content by looking into the kettle (as well as by looking at the heating elements of washing machines, dishwashers, and sanders).
Cream of calcium and magnesium (from which carbonate scale comes out), water also often has slime. During the chemical reactions of hydrolysis and oxidation, hydroxides are created.
Before the speech, having boiled up the kettle, you can take care of another use of chemical chemistry in your everyday life: the basic value of the table and citric acid. Boil the kettle with citric acid and water until it starts to boil.
And without another chemical substance there would be no delicious mother’s pies and buns: language about gasinnya sodi otstom.
If mom extinguishes soda in a spoon, the following reaction occurs: NaHCO 3 + CH 3 COOH =CH 3 COONa + H 2 O + CO 2 . As a result, carbon dioxide will not deprive the dough – and this will change its structure, making it porous and fluffy.
Before speaking, you can tell your mom that baking soda is not at all difficult - she will react the same way if the dough goes out of the oven. The reaction, however, takes place a little more intensely, and then extinguishes the soda within an hour. Also, at a temperature of 60 degrees (or better than 200), soda is decomposed into sodium carbonate, water and the same carbon dioxide. True, the taste of the prepared pies and buns may turn out to be bitter.
The list of common chemical hazards is no less shocking than the similarity of such hazards found in nature. We have roads (preparing asphalt - these are chemical containers), booths (targeting), garni of fabrics for clothes (farbuvaniya). Once you think about it, it becomes clear how rich and useful the science of chemistry is. And how many costs can be excluded from the understanding of the laws.
Among the richness and richness of nature and human phenomena, there are particularities that are difficult to describe and explain. To reach them mountain water. How, perhaps, will you feed the water if you don’t want to burn the water and use it to extinguish the fire? How can that one burn? And on the right is the axis of the choma.
Hot water is a chemical phenomenon, when near the water with a small amount of salts under the influx of radioactive substances, sour-water ligaments burst. As a result, sourness and water are created. And it’s obviously not the water itself that burns, but the water itself.
With which it reaches even further high temperature hot (over thousands of degrees), plus water is created again as the reaction progresses.
It has been a long time since people have been crying out that people who are dying have learned to drink water like burning water. For example, for cars. While this is out of the realm of science fiction, we know what may be revealed very soon. One of the main problems is that with mountain water there is more energy, less energy is spent on carrying out the reaction.
Before speaking, something similar can be observed in nature. According to one of the theories, the great singletons that appear to be the result of the discovery are actually the result of a water bump. Electrolysis of water, which is brought to a new stage, results in the occurrence of electrical discharges (sparkles) on the surface of the salt water of the seas and oceans.
Not only near the water, but also on land, you can avoid harmful chemical agents. If you had a chance to visit a natural oven, you could singly sing there the chimeras, the beautiful natural “burulki” that hang from the steles. stalactity. The reason for the smell is explained by another significant chemical phenomenon.
The chemist, marveling at the stalactite, should, of course, drink not the beetroot, but calcium carbonate CaCO 3 . The basis for its creation is sewage water, natural stalactite, and the stalactite itself is formed due to the precipitation of calcium carbonate (growing downwards) and the force of atoms aggregation at the crystal lattice (growing wider).
Before speech, similar lighting can rise from subtexts to stele - they are called stalagmite. And as stalactites and stalagmites condense and grow in entire colonies, they gain the name stagnati.
Visnovok
The world today is faced with a plethora of marvelous, beautiful, and also dangerous and squirming chemical phenomena. Having learned to remove the measles from many people: I create daily materials, Cooking hedgehogs, disturbing transport to move on a large platform and much more.
Without so many chemical substances, life on earth would have been possible: without the ozone layer, people, creatures, and plants would not have survived ultraviolet radiation. Without photosynthesis, animals and people would not die, and without chemical reactions, food would not die.
The fermentation allows you to cook food products, and a similar chemical agent of rottenness lays out the whites on simple dishes and turns them around in nature.
The oxide is formed when the copper is heated, which is accompanied by bright light, burning magnesium, melting the sugar, etc. We also respect chemicals. And I know it is stagnant.
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